Identifying compensatory driving behavior among older adults using the situational avoidance questionnaire |
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| Institution: | 1. Centre for Environmental and Occupational Health Research (CEOHR), School of Public Health and Family Medicine, University of Cape Town, South Africa;2. Centre for Environmental and Occupational Health Research (CEOHR) and Division of Environmental Health, School of Public Health and Family Medicine, University of Cape Town, South Africa;1. Virginia Tech Transportation Institute, United States;2. Motorcycle Safety Foundation, United States;1. Center for Injury Research and Policy, Department of Health Policy and Management, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, United States;2. Health Behavior Branch, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, United States;3. University of Sherbrooke, Canada;4. Virginia Tech Transportation Institute, United States;1. Center for Injury Research and Prevention at the Children''s Hospital of Philadelphia, 3535 Market Street, Suite 1150, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, United States;2. Monash University Accident Research Centre, 21 Alliance Lane, Clayton VIC 3800, Melbourne, Australia |
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| Abstract: | IntroductionDriving self-regulation is considered a means through which older drivers can compensate for perceived declines in driving skill or more general feelings of discomfort on the road. One form of driving self-regulation is situational avoidance, the purposeful avoidance of situations perceived as challenging or potentially hazardous. This study aimed to validate the Situational Avoidance Questionnaire (SAQ, Davis, Conlon, Ownsworth, & Morrissey, 2016) and identify the point on the scale at which drivers practicing compensatory avoidance behavior could be distinguished from those whose driving is unrestricted, or who are avoiding situations for other, non-compensatory reasons (e.g., time or convenience).MethodSeventy-nine Australian drivers (Mage = 71.48, SD = 7.16, range: 55 to 86 years) completed the SAQ and were classified as a compensatory-restricted or a non-restricted driver based on a semi-structured interview designed to assess the motivations underlying avoidance behavior reported on the SAQ.ResultsUsing receiver-operator characteristic (ROC) analysis, the SAQ was found to have high diagnostic accuracy (sensitivity: 85%, specificity: 82%) in correctly classifying the driver groups. Group comparisons confirmed that compensatory-restricted drivers were self-regulating their driving behavior to reduce the perceived demands of the driving task. This group had, on average, slower hazard perception reaction times, and reported greater difficulty with driving, more discomfort when driving due to difficulty with hazard perception skills, and greater changes in cognition over the past five years.ConclusionsThe SAQ is a psychometrically sound measure of situational avoidance for drivers in baby boomer and older adult generations.Practical applicationsUse of validated measures of driving self-regulation that distinguish between compensatory and non-compensatory behavior, such as the SAQ, will advance our understanding of the driving self-regulation construct and its potential safety benefits for older road users. |
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