Long-range transport of yellow sand to Taiwan in Spring 2000: observed evidence and simulation |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Indian Institute of Tropical Meteorological (Branch), Prof. Ramnath Vij Marg, New Delhi, 110060, India;2. CARES, Clarkson University, Box 5708, Potsdam, NY, 13699-5708, USA;3. Department of Chemistry, University of Pune, 411008, India;4. Department of Physics, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India;5. India Meteorological Department, Lodhi Road, New Delhi, 110003, India;1. Institute of Environmental Studies, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea;2. Department of Atmospheric Sciences, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea;3. National Air Emission Inventory and Research Center, Ministry of Environment, Cheongju 28166, Republic of Korea;4. Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Korean University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea;5. Department of Climate and Environment, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Republic of Korea;6. Department of Environmental Science, Hankuk University of Foreign Studies, Yongin 17035, Republic of Korea;7. School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea;8. Climate & Air Quality Research Department, National Institute of Environmental Research (NIER), Incheon 404170, Republic of Korea |
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| Abstract: | More than 10 Asian dust storms occurring in Spring 2000 were found to transport dust long distances, with some fallout reaching as far as Taiwan. An air quality data set from Taiwan clearly shows that long-range transport of yellow-sand results in air quality in Taiwan, which is categorized as “Unhealthy” or “Very Unhealthy”. Backward trajectory analysis indicates that, for air parcels that arrived over Taiwan on 28 April, two or three days are required for transport from source regions, such as Inner Mongolia, a territory that is becoming a desert as a result of over-use and destruction of vegetation cover by human occupants. Furthermore, a 3-D long-range transport model for yellow sand, with an advanced size-dependent deflation module and driven by the NCAR/Penn State Fifth-Generation Mesoscale Model (MM5), is used to identify the long-range transport of yellow sand to Taiwan in April. Comparisons between observations and model calculations indicate that the model is able to reproduce some key features of the long-range transport. Transport of yellow sand to Taiwan is found to occur most easily when dust storms occurring in north China are accompanied by a high-pressure system located over the west of Japan. The high concentrations of yellow sand transported over Taiwan are usually between 500 and 1500 m high, not at the surface. |
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