Soot particles and their impacts on the mass cycle in the Tibetan atmosphere |
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| Institution: | 1. Faculty of Environmental and Symbiotic Sciences, Prefectural University of Kumamoto, Kumamoto 862-8502, Japan;2. Solar Terrestrial Environment Laboratory, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan;3. Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100029, China;2. EPFL, Route Cantonale, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland;1. AGH University of Science and Technology, Academic Centre for Materials and Nanotechnology, al. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Krakow, Poland;2. AGH University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Foundry Engineering, al. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Krakow, Poland;3. AGH University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Metals Engineering and Industrial Computer Science, al. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Krakow, Poland;4. AGH University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Physics and Applied Computer Science, al. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Krakow, Poland;1. Aquatic Innovation Center, Shinshu University, 4-17-1 Wakasato, Nagano 380-8553, Japan;2. Department of Organic and Polymeric Materials, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1 Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8552, Japan;3. Kuraray Living Co., Ltd., 8-1 Kadota-cho, Osaka 530-8611, Japan;4. GSI Creos Corporation, 1-12, Minami-Watada-cho, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 210-0855, Japan;5. National Institute for Public Health & Environment, Antonie van Leeuwenhoeklaan 9, 3721 Bilthoven, MA, The Netherlands;6. Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Yalelaan 104, 3584 CM Utrecht, The Netherlands;7. Department of Applied Physical Therapy, Shinshu University, School of Health Sciences, 3-1-1 Asahi, Matsumoto, Nagano, Japan;8. National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Pathology & Physiology Research Branch, 1095 Willowdale Rd. (M/S2015), 26505-2888 Morgantown, WV, USA;9. Department of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, West Virginia University, School of Pharmacy, 26506 Morgantown, WV, USA;10. Institute of Carbon Science and Technology, Shinshu University, Nagano 380-8553, Japan;1. Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA;2. Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA;3. Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA;4. Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA;1. Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Special Functional Materials, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China;2. The College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China |
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| Abstract: | Atmospheric aerosol particles in urban and mountain areas around Lhasa city (29.65°N, 91.13°E) in the Tibetan Plateau were collected in the summers of 1998 and 1999. The particles were analyzed with electron microscopes and an energy dispersive X-ray spectrometer. Individual particle morphology, elemental composition and mixture of sulfate and nitrate were investigated. In the urban area, soot particles emitted from vegetation burning were dominant. These particles were characterized by chain or aggregate morphologies, and an elemental composition of potassium and sulfur. Such particles were frequently detected in mountain areas out of the city, where they formed droplets acting as condensation nuclei. Quantitative estimation indicated that sulfur was accumulated onto the soot particles during their dispersion from the urban area to mountain areas. Sulfate and nitrate detections indicated that soot particles collected in the urban area did not contain nitrate and BaCl2-reactive sulfate, which revealed that the combination of sulfur and potassium in the particles was not K2SO4. In contrast, the particles dispersed to mountain areas contained BaCl2-reactive sulfate and some contained nitrate, suggesting that soot particles emitted from the urban area could increase the buffering capacity of aerosol particles and enhance the formation of particulate sulfate through heterogeneous conversion in the Tibetan atmosphere. |
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