The potential contribution of sinks to meeting Kyoto Protocol commitments |
| |
| Institution: | 1. UNEP Collaborating Centre on Energy and the Environment, Risø National Laboratory, Roskilde, Denmark;2. Margaree Consultants Inc., Toronto, Canada;1. Institute of Forestry and Environmental Sciences, University of Chittagong, Chittagong 4331, Bangladesh;2. University of Eastern Finland (UEF), Faculty of Science and Forestry, School of Forest Sciences, P.O. Box 111, FI-80101 Joensuu, Finland;1. Inrap GSO and UMR 5608 TRACES, Pôle Mixte de Recherche, domaine de Campagne, F-24 260 Campagne, France;2. Inrap GSO and UMR 5199 PACEA, Centre de Recherches Archéologiques de Pessac, 156 avenue Jean Jaurés, F-33 600 Pessac, France;3. Université de Toulouse II Jean Jaurés, UMR 5608 TRACES, Maison de la Recherche, Bât. 26, 5 allées Antonio Machado, F-31058 Toulouse cedex 9, France;4. Department of Human Evolution, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Deutscher Platz 6, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany;5. IRAMAT, UMR 5060 CRPAA, France;6. Inrap GSO, Pôle Mixte de Recherche, domaine de Campagne, F-24 260 Campagne, France;7. Quaternary TL Surveys, 19 Leonard Avenue, Nottingham NGS 2LW, UK;8. IRAMAT, UMR 5060 CRPAA and UM 7194 MNHN, France;9. Archeocom et UMR 5199 PACEA, France;1. Department of Ophthalmology, Medical University of Graz/Austria, Graz, Austria;2. Institute for Medical Informatics, Statistics and Documentation, Medical University of Graz/Austria, Graz, Austria;1. Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, 07745 Jena, Germany;2. German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany;3. SIMBIOS, Abertay University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 1HG, Scotland, UK;4. Institute of Environmental Sciences (CML), University Leiden, 2333CC Leiden, The Netherlands;5. Institute of Ecology, University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria;6. Systematic Botany and Functional Biodiversity Research, Institute of Biology, University of Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany;7. Department of Forest Resources, University of Minnesota, St Paul, Minnesota 55108, USA;8. Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, University of Western Sydney, Penrith, 2751 New South Wales, Australia;1. Department of Forestry and Environmental Science, School of Agriculture and Mineral Sciences, Shahjalal University of Science and Technology, Sylhet-3114, Bangladesh;2. Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Institute of Geography, Wetterkreuz 15, 91058, Erlangen, Germany;1. Forestry and Wood Technology Discipline, Khulna University, Khulna, 9208, Bangladesh;2. School of Natural Sciences, Bangor University, Gwynedd, LL57 2UW, UK;3. Faculty of Agriculture, Kyoto University, 606-8502, Japan;4. Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, 606-8502, Japan |
| |
| Abstract: | The Kyoto Protocol to the climate convention makes provision for sink enhancement activities to contribute to meeting the greenhouse gas emissions limitation commitments of industrialised countries. This paper analyses the potential contribution of sink enhancement activities to meeting commitments of industrialised countries. Six scenarios covering different categories of eligible sinks are analysed. A range of the potential magnitude of the carbon sequestered by each category of sinks is tested. Since cost curves for the different types of sink enhancement activities are not available for most countries, a range of average costs is used with the lowest cost allowing maximum use of sinks. The effects considered are the impacts on compliance costs for OECD countries, economies in transition, and developing countries and the mix of actions used by industrialised countries to achieve compliance. In every scenario, at least some of the sinks have costs lower than the market price, so the larger the eligible sinks, the lower the compliance costs for industrialised countries. Greater use of sinks also reduces the net income received by the economies in transition and developing countries. Increased use of sinks lowers emission reductions implemented in industrialised countries and reduces non-sink activity under the Clean Development Mechanism. |
| |
| Keywords: | |
| 本文献已被 ScienceDirect 等数据库收录！ |
|
