Fingerprinting of High Boiling Hydrocarbon Fuels,Asphalts and Lubricants |
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| Institution: | 1. ZymaX Forensics, Inc./GGC, 16921 Parthenia Street, Suite 201, North Hills, CA, 91343, U.S.A.;2. ZymaX Forensics & Envirotechnology, Inc, 71 Zaca Lane, San Luis Obispo, CA, 93401, U.S.A.;3. 4841 Dunman Avenue, Woodland Hills, CA, 91364, U.S.A.;1. Department of Mathematics and Statistics, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD, United States;2. Department of Information Sciences and Technology, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA, United States;3. Department of Statistics, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA, United States;4. Stoney Forensic, Inc., 14101 Willard Road, Suite G, Chantilly, VA 20151, United States;1. School of Materials Science and Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 201326, PR China;2. Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA;1. Department of Radiation Oncology, Institut du Cancer Courlancy, Reims, France;2. Department of Radiation Oncology, Institut du Cancer Montpellier, Montpellier, France;3. Department of Radiation Oncology, Oncopole, IUCT, Toulouse, France;4. Department of Surgical Oncology, Centre Oscar Lambret, Lille, France;5. Department of Surgical Oncology, Institut Bergonié, Bordeaux, France;6. Department of Radiation Oncology, Institut Sainte Catherine, Avignon, France;7. Department of Radiation Oncology, Institut Daniel Hollard, Grenoble, France;8. Department of Radiation Oncology, Centre René Huguenin, Saint Cloud, France;9. Department of Surgical Oncology, Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France;10. Department of Medical Oncology, Hôpital Saint Louis, Paris, France;11. Sylia Stat, Bourg-la-Reine, France;12. Department of Radiation Oncology, Institut Curie, Paris, France;1. State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, People’s Republic of China;2. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People’s Republic of China;3. National Engineering Laboratory for Methanol to Olefins, Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, iChEM (Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials), Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, People’s Republic of China;1. Saudi Aramco Research and Development Center (R&DC), Dhahran 31311, Saudi Arabia;2. Saudi Aramco Oil Company, Saudi Arabia |
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| Abstract: | Fingerprinting of hydrocarbon products requires high resolution differentiation of individual hydrocarbon compounds in any mixture. This requires the applications of various measuring techniques. In this paper, we have chosen the heavy hydrocarbons in fuels, lubricants and paving material as examples to discuss the methods for chemical characterization and differentiation.In the category most frequently termed “semi-volatile hydrocarbons” with boiling points from about 500°F to 1200°F or higher, there are several families of hydrocarbons, both natural and refined that are not easily distinguished by conventional EPA tests. Among the groups which we will use as examples are asphalts, hydraulic fluid, transmission oil, motor lubricating oils, heating oils, crude oil and coal.These hydrocarbon families are best studied using combined gas chromatography-mass spectrometry in full scan mode and characterizing various homologous series of hydrocarbons at known fragment ions. The hydrocarbon series providing the best information are: (1)N -alkanes; (2) iso-alkanes; (3) steranes; (4) terpanes; (5) polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons; (6) aromatic steranes; and (7) specific polycyclic compounds. |
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