Ionic composition of precipitation at the Central Anatolia (Turkey) |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Department of Environmental Engineering, Middle East Technical University, 06531 Ankara, Turkey;2. Refik Saydam Hygiene Center, Ankara, Turkey;1. Chemistry Department, Central Washington University, 400 E. University Way, Ellensburg, WA, USA;2. Mount Rainier National Park, 55210 238th Avenue East, Ashford, WA, USA;1. Department of Chemistry, Bulent Ecevit University, 67100 Zonguldak, Turkey;2. Department of Environmental Engineering, Bulent Ecevit University, 67100 Zonguldak, Turkey;3. Department of Environmental Engineering, Gebze Institute of Technology, 41400 Gebze, Kocaeli, Turkey;1. International Institute for Earth System Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China;2. State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Science, Beijing, 10012, China;3. State Experimental Teaching Demonstration Center for Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China;4. State Key Laboratory of Pollution CYYUontrol and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China;5. Jiangsu Center for Collaborative Innovation in Geographical Information Resource Development and Application, Nanjing, 210023, China |
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| Abstract: | Concentrations of major ions, SO42−, NO3−, Cl−, H+, Ca2+, K+, Mg2+, Ca2+ and conductivity were measured in approximately 300 daily, wet-only rain samples collected at a permanent rural station between 1993 and 1998. Concentrations of anthropogenic ions NH4+, SO42− and NO3− were among the highest values reported in whole EMEP network, suggesting that the Anatolian plateau is under strong influence of distant emission sources. Although transport of pollutants have significant influence on the chemical composition of precipitation, average pH of the rainwater is 6.2 due to extensive neutralization of acidity. Approximately 95% of the acidity in collected samples is neutralized, particularly in summer season. The neutralizing agents are primarily CaCO3 and NH3. Concentrations of crustal ions are higher in summer season due to enhanced resuspension of soil particles from dry surface soil. Concentrations of anthropogenic ions SO42− and NO3− do not change significantly between summer and winter due to higher intensity of rains in summer season. Although concentrations of ions measured in this study is among the highest reported in EMEP network, wet deposition fluxes are low compared to flux values reported for similar sites in Europe, due to low annual precipitation in the Anatolia. Wet deposition fluxes of all measured parameters are highly episodic. Source regions affecting chemical composition precipitation in the Central Anatolia is investigated using trajectory statistics. |
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