四种岭南水果种植系统的能值、经济与土壤整合分析

综合运用能值、经济与土壤生态学分析方法,定量研究了番石榴(Psidium guajava Linn)、黄皮(Clausena lansium Skeels)、枇杷(Eriobotrya japonica Lindl)、葡萄柚(Citrus paradisi Maef)4种岭南水果种植系统的物质流、能最流和货币流,综合分析其自然资源基础、经济发展状况及可持续发展程度,并将土壤有机质的消耗纳入不可更新自然资源能值投人分析,为岭南水果业的可持续发展提供科学依据.能值分析表明,4个水果种植系统的可持续发展能力依次为:葡萄柚(0.94)>枇杷(0.15)>番石榴(0.14)>黄皮(0.10).土壤有机质分布与变化分析表明,4种水果种植系统的土壤有机质消耗量依次为:葡萄柚>黄皮>枇杷>番石榴.经济分析表明,4个水果种植系统的经济效益依次为:葡萄柚>番石榴>枇杷>黄皮.综合分析表明,番石榴、黄皮、枇杷三个系统的水果生产效率有待进一步提高;葡萄柚种植系统的水果生产效率、可持续发展能力和经济效益较高,但其对土壤有机质的消耗强度在四个系统中是最高的,这一点在水土流失严重的丘陵地区显然是不容忽视的.同时,如何降低系统在市场交换中的交换性资产流失是四个系统共同面对的问题.

Emergy, economic and soil based-evaluation of four lingnan fruit production systems

A combined evaluation was done based on emergy, economic and soil ecology methods, on four Lingnan fruit production systems, including Guava, Wampee, Loquat and Grapefruit. Material flows, energy flows and currency flows were quantitatively evaluated. Natural resources, economic characteristics and sustainable development status were analyzed. The depletion of soil organic matter was also included in the calculation of non-renewable resources. The emergy evaluation indicated that the sustainability of the Grapefruit production system(2.30) was the highest in the four fruit production systems, followed by Loquat(0.38) , Guava(0.35) , and Wampee(0.25) . The soil analysis indicated that the consumption of soil organic matter in Grapefruit production was the highest among the four production systems, followed by Wampee, Loquat, and Guava. The economic analysis indicated that economic profit from Grapefruit production was the highest among the four systems, followed by Guava, Loquat, and Wampee. The integrated analysis indicated the production efficiency of the Guava, Wampee and Loquat needs further improvement. The Grapefruit production showed the highest emergy sustainability and economic benefits among the four systems, but its consumption of soil organic matter was also the highest. Depletion of soil organic matter is a serious problem, which clearly should not be neglected, considering serious soil erosion in the hillside area. A common problem for the four fruit production systems is how to decrease assets lost during market exchange.