各类突发事件应对异同及健全应急管理体系相关问题探讨

为了健全国家应急管理体系、提升应急管理能力,分析了各类突发事件在危险源性质、事件发生演化规律、事件应对具体措施及所需资源等方面的不同,以及在各类突发事件危险源防控基本理念、事件应对基本过程、应对资源保障模式、指挥协调模式、分级预警和响应模式等方面的相似性;在此基础上,探讨了在构建和完善应急管理体系时需要考虑的对象、目标、责任主体、运行机制和保障条件等问题。研究结果表明:应急管理是一个内涵和外延都十分广泛的综合性概念,具有涉及领域广、环节链条长、社会期望高、工作难度大等特点,健全应急管理体系并没有现成的模式或最优的方案,只有根据实际情况,深入研究和妥善解决应急管理体系各要素存在的问题,才能真正构建起符合国情的应急管理体系,并通过持续的应急能力建设,达成实现国家应急管理体系和能力现代化的目标。

Analysis on the Differences and Similarities in Response to Various Emergencies and Related Issues of Improving the Emergency Management System

In order to improve the national emergency management system and strengthen the emergency capabilities,this paper analyzes the differences of various emergencies on their hazards properties,evolution laws,the specific measures and resources required for responses,as well as the similarities of various emergencies on the basic idea for hazard prevention and control,basic process of emergency response,basic mode of response resources guarantee,basic model of command coordination,and the hierarchical mode of early warning and response;on this basis,discusses the incidents,objectives,responsibility subjects,operating mechanism and guarantee conditions need to be considered when constructing and enhancing the emergency management system. Research results reveal that: emergency management is a comprehensive concept with a wide range of connotations and extensions,with the characteristics of covering a wide range of fields,long chain links,high social expectations and difficulty in the mission,and there is no ready-made model or optimal solution for improving emergency management system,the only practical way is,based on in-depth study and proper resolution of the existing problemsin all the essential elements of the current emergency management system according to the actual situation,to build truly up an emergency management system in conformity with the national conditions,and through continuous emergency capability-building,to achieve the modernization of the national emergency management system and capabilities.