观景公路沿线土地利用变化特征分析——以大理洱海东环海路为例

以大理洱海东环海路为例，通过构建缓冲区与土地利用动态、程度及结构变化模型，对其沿线地区1997~2015年的土地利用变化特征进行探究。研究表明：(1）随时间演进，环海东路沿线土地利用变化速度整体加快，不同距离缓冲带间土地利用变化速度差异减小；（2)森林、裸土及耕地一直为研究区空间变化最为剧烈的用地类型，各地类的空间变化活跃度随着与环海东路间距离的变动发生分化，随时间演进，除裸土外，其余地类的空间变化活跃度在各距离缓冲带内均上升；（3)土地利用类型整体变动显著，土地利用的活跃度增强，不同时段内，各距离缓冲带间的主要土地利用变动类型一致性较强，而各带内的主要土地利用变动差异随时间演进逐步凸显；(4）土地利用程度持续上升但增速显著放缓，各距离缓冲带间土地利用程度差异持续减小；(5）土地利用结构整体优化，土地分布的均衡度与均质性整体提升，各距离缓冲带间土地利用结构差异有所减小；（6)18a间，土地利用变化速度、土地利用程度增速、土地利用结构指数及各地类空间变化活跃度差异的高值区均呈远离环海东路的态势。

Analysis of Characteristics of Land Use Change Along Scenic Highway:Taking the East Ring Road of Erhai,Dali as An Example

Taking the east ring road of Erhai in Dali as an example, this paper explored the characteristics of land use change from 1997 to 2015 by constructing the buffer zone and through the models reflecting degree and structure dynamic change of land ues in the region along the road. Results show that: ①With time developing, the land use accelerated its change, thereby reduced differences progressively on the rate of land use change between different buffer zones; ②Forests, bare soil and cultivated land had always been the most dramatic land use types in the study area, the spatial change activities of all land use types became different as the distance to the east ring road of Erhai changed. as time went on, the spatial change activities of the other land types except bare soil became more active within each buffer zone; ③From 1997 to 2015, the overall change of land use types in the study area was significant, in different periods, the main land use change types between different buffer zones were tended to converge, while their differences in all buffer zones became gradually significant over time; ④From 1997 to 2015, the degree of land use in the study area continued to rise but the growth rate had slown down significantly, and the difference of land use degree between buffer zones continued to decrease; ⑤From 1997 to 2015, the land use structure of the study area had been optimized overall, the equilibrium and isotopy of the land distribution both upgraded, and the difference of land use structure between buffer zones had decreased to some extent; ⑥In the past 18 years, the study on the change speed, the growth degree and the structure index of land use and differences of the spatial change activities among various types of land use presented the trend that the high value areas were keeping away from the east ring road of Erhai.