长江经济带农业用水全局技术效率的空间效应研究

基于全局DEA方法测算了1997~2015年长江经济带11省市的农业用水全局技术效率，并运用 Moran’s I 指数和空间计量模型分析了农业用水效率的空间关联度和空间效应。研究表明：(1）长江经济带农业用水全局技术效率表现出整体稳定上升但地区间不平衡的特征，且地区之间存在显著的正空间自相关；(2）空间计量模型的估计结果表明地区之间农业用水全局技术效率存在显著的空间溢出效应，本地农业用水效率不仅受到邻接地区的影响，还会受到非邻接地区的影响；除了地理因素之外，经济发展和生产力水平相近也有利于地区间农业用水主体相互学习高效率的用水模式，从而引发农业用水效率的空间溢出效应，促进整体农业用水效率的提升；（3)总用水量中农业用水量所占的比例高，会使得农业用水效率显著降低；水利设施建设以及农业机械化程度都会对农业用水效率产生显著的正向促进效应。

Research on Spatial Effect of Agricultural Water Global Technology Efficiency of the Yangtze River Economic Belt

Based on the DEA method, this paper estimates the agricultural water use efficiency of 11 provinces in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, then Moran’s I index and spatial econometric model are introduced to analyze the spatial correlation and spatial effect within panel data from 1997 to 2015. The results show that: ①During the study period, China’s agricultural water use efficiency of the Yangtze River Economic Belt shows overall stable rise but imbalance characteristics among different areas, and there is a significant positive spatial autocorrelation between regions.②Regression results of spatial econometric model show that there is a significant spatial spillover effect of agricultural water use efficiency among different areas, indicating local agricultural water use efficiency is affected by both adjacent and non-adjacent areas; in addition to the influence of geographical factors, the similar level of economic development and productivity is conducive to the mutual learning of high-efficiency water use patterns, thereby triggering the spatial spillover effect of agricultural water use efficiency, promoting increase of the overall agricultural water use efficiency.③The high proportion of agricultural water used in the total water consumption will significantly reduce agricultural water use efficiency; the construction of water conservancy facilities and the degree of agricultural mechanization will have a significant positive effect on agricultural water use efficiency.