基于问卷调查的上海市大气环境质量改善的支付意愿研究

上海近年来以O₃和PM_2.5为代表的复合型污染问题较为突出，合理评估大气环境对居民产生的影响对于环境政策决策具有重要意义。利用条件价值评估法，对上海500位居民开展了关于改善大气环境质量的支付意愿的调查研究。结果表明:上海居民对大气环境质量的关注和重视程度较高，并采取了积极的应对措施，全市在购买和使用空气净化器和防雾霾口罩方面的开支约为23亿元/a；在所有受访者中，有56%对改善大气环境质量有支付意愿，且收入、学历和患病程度与愿意支付的概率呈正相关，年龄则表现为负相关；从支付金额来看，有支付意愿的受访者对于减少一天雾霾的平均支付意愿为74元/户，推算至2016年全市整体的支付意愿在200亿元左右。其中，学历、收入、家庭人口数、患相关疾病的严重程度及防护意识与支付金额大小呈显著正相关，年龄则表现为负相关。进一步比较上海主要污染物的减排成本和居民支付意愿，从全社会成本角度，进一步开展污染减排具有成本有效性。

Willing-To-Pay For Improvement of Air Quality in Shanghai Based on Questionnaire Survey

The complex pollution problem represented by O₃ and PM_2.5 in Shanghai has been highlighted recently, and it is of great significance for environmental policy decision to rationally assess the impact of atmospheric environment on residents. This study attempts to apply the contingent valuation method to conduct a survey on the willingness to pay for the improvement of atmospheric environmental quality in 500 Shanghai residents. The results show that Shanghai residents pay more attention to the quality of atmospheric environment, and take a positive response, it is estimated that the city in the purchase and use of air purifiers and fog masks in the expenditure of about 2.3 billion yuan/year; 56 percent of the respondents have a willingness to pay to improve the quality of the atmosphere. Income, the degree of education and morbidity are positively correlated with the probability of being willing to pay, while the age is negatively correlated; From the amount of payment, the respondents who have the willingness to pay will be 74 yuan/households to reduce the average daily haze, and the total payment will be about 20 billion yuan by 2016. Education, income, family population, the severity of the disease and protection awareness show significantly positive correlation with the amount of payment, while the age is negatively correlated. To further compare the cost of reducing emissions and the willingness of residents to pay for the major pollutants in Shanghai, it is cost effective to further develop pollution reduction.