高海拔矿井掘进工作面局部增压的空气幕调控仿真研究

矿井环境一直是制约矿井地下安全生产的重要因素之一,尤其是在高海拔地域,由于空气的各项参数都与海拔高度相关,高海拔地区矿井在通风方面要比平原矿井有更多特殊要求。为解决高海拔地区矿井掘进工作面存在的低压缺氧问题,在对高海拔地区低压环境特性分析及传统矿用空气幕理论分析的基础上,根据增能增阻设计提出了多功能矿用空气幕联合增压模型,该模型在巷道两端分别布置引射型和增阻型矿用空气幕,以达到增压进而间接提高工作场所含氧量的效果。以青海省某金矿3 850 m中段开拓巷道掘进作业面为背景,借助有限元仿真软件Fluent对构建的开拓巷道的三维立体模型进行数值模拟。模拟结果与现场实测结果基本相符,结果表明:采用基于空气幕的增压增氧调控技术可使开拓巷道掘进作业面绝对气压由63 835 Pa增加至68 273 Pa,氧分压从12 040 Pa提高至14 213 Pa,达到海拔3 000 m的水平,可明显改善通风效果和通风质量;同时,随掘进作业面压力提高,采空区有害气体的逸出也得到有效抑制。该调控方法可以克服传统风流调控设施存在的布置困难、影响通行的问题,为提高高海拔地区井下压力及含氧量提供了新的思路。

Simulation probe on the locally supercharged air curtain control at the high altitude mine heading face

The given paper is aimed at proposing a mining air curtain combined pressurization model based on the design of the energy increase and resistance growth to solve the problem of low pressure and anoxia that exists in the mine tunneling faces at high altitude areas. The said model is equipped with the ejection type and resistance increasing mining air curtains on its both ends of the roadway so as to achieve pressurization and increase the oxygen content indirectly in its workplace. As is known,the mine environment is always complicated and restrained with the underground production conditions,especially in the high altitude areas,due to its air scarcity. Therefore,more specific demands for ventilation are necessary than in the mines in the ordinary plain areas on account of air-taking to deal with the lower atmospheric pressure environmental features at high altitude areas through the theoretical analysis of the traditional mining air curtains. Hence,the given paper takes it as the sample the roadway driving face in the middle section of 3 850 m high in a gold mine in Qinghai Province as the background,and adopts the finite element simulation software Fluent to numerically simulate the 3-D model of the developed roadway. The simulation result has been found conformed to the on-site actual testing result,which indicates that: the adopted pressurization and oxygenation control technology based on the air curtain can increase the absolute air pressure of the tunneling working face of the tunnel under development of 63 835 Pa to 68 273 Pa,and the oxygen partial pressure can increase from 12 040 Pa to 14 213 Pa,a level of 3 000 m’s high above the sea level,which can obviously improve the ventilation effect and ventilation quality. At the same time,with the pressure increase at the heading face,the exhaust of the harmful gases in the goaf is also effectively inhibited. Thus,it can be seen that the said control methods can overcome the arrangement difficulty and affect the traffic and transportation that exists in the traditional air flow control facilities,and provide a new idea for improving the underground pressure and oxygen content in the mines at the high altitude areas.