填海工程对潮间带湿地生境损失的影响评估

以深圳湾为研究区域 ,应用水动力学数学模型对不同填海工程方案可能造成的潮间带面积变化进行了预测 ,并以此为依据进一步提出了评估填海工程对潮间带湿地生境损失影响的方法 ,得到了深圳湾填海面积变化与潮间带面积变化的关系 .按照潮间带湿地生境损失补偿的难易程度 ,将不同填海方案造成的生境损失归纳为可接受的、需要补偿的和不可接受的三个等级 .因此 ,为协调填海规模与生境损失之间的关系 ,在可接受的影响范围 ,潮间带面积因不随填海面积明显变化而无需补偿 ;在潮间带面积随填海面积增加而略有减小的范围 ,需要对潮间带湿地损失的面积补偿并恢复其功能 ;在不可接受的影响范围 ,填海工程应该绝对禁止 .

Assessment of reclamation impact on inter-tidal habitat loss

Inter-tidal wetland is of great significance to numerous rare and endangered species in many bay systems. The wetland loss due to large-scale coastal reclamation will lead to the change of habitats and possibly imperil the ecosystem. This paper presents a way to assess the impacts of coastal reclamation on habitat loss in terms of the variation of inter-tidal wetland areas predicted by hydrodynamic modeling, taking the Shenzhen Bay in Southern China as an example. As results, the relationship between the reclamation area and loss of inter-tidal wetland was established. Various impacts due to the reclamation could be interpreted in three categories: negligible, non-negligible but mitigatable, and unacceptable. These criterions could be used as guidance for the forthcoming reclamation for balancing the needs of land gain with acceptable habitat loss. For cases with negligible impact, the reclamation does not need compensation of inter-tidal areas. For cases with non-negligible impacts, compensation must be made at proper sites and functions must be recovered. However, for the options leading to unacceptable impacts, any reclamation should be forbidden.