唐山市大气环境治理措施的效果及分析

为揭示河北省唐山市大气环境治理的措施效果,分析了“十一五”期间唐山市的减排措施、污染物排放量和空气污染物浓度的变化. 结果表明:“十一五”期间(2005—2010年),烟尘、工业粉尘、SO₂排放量分别减少35%、57%、20%,ρ(PM₁₀)、ρ(SO₂)、ρ(NO₂)年均值分别下降12%、33%、33%. 与GB 3095—2012《环境空气质量标准》相比,2005年ρ(PM₁₀)、ρ(SO₂)、ρ(NO₂)分别超标36%、42%、7%,而到2010年ρ(SO₂)、ρ(NO₂)已达标,但ρ(PM₁₀)仍然超标20%. 2008年北京奥运会期间的减排措施使得唐山市ρ(PM₁₀)、ρ(SO₂)、ρ(NO₂)年均值均显著下降,分别比2007年下降13%、20%、28%. 2008—2009年的全球经济危机使得2009年地方生产总值增速较其他年均值降低13%,2009年烟尘和SO₂排放量也呈显著下降趋势,二者比2008年分别下降14%和10%,但工业粉尘排放量反而增加8%. 经济危机使ρ(PM₁₀)、ρ(SO₂)、ρ(NO₂)下降速率分别提升了20%、2%、2%. 研究结果表明,“十一五”总量减排、2008年北京奥运会期间的治理措施和全球经济危机对唐山市的空气质量产生了明显的影响. 

Effects of Control Measures on Improvement of Air Quality in Tangshan City

In order to investigate the effects of control measures on the imprroment of air quality in Tangshan City, Hebei Province, China, control strategies on air quality were reviewed and the variations of emissions based on and the air quality data from 2005-2010were analyzed. During the period, soot emission, industrial dust and SO_2were reduced by 35%, 57% and 20%, while concentrations of PM₁₀, SO_2and NO_2decreased by 12%, 33% and 33% respectively. Compared with the ambient air quality standards (GB 3095-2012), PM₁₀, SO_2and NO_2exceeded by 36%, 42% and 7% in 2005, while the parameters fufiled the requirements of the standards except for PM₁₀ exceeding by 20%. The strategies to improve the air quality during the 2008Beijing Olympic Games were effective in reducing concentrations of PM₁₀, SO_2and NO₂, by cutting 13%, 20% and 28% respectively, compared with the data in 2007. The economic crisis from 2008to 2009slowed down the GDP growth rate by 13% in Tangshan City, and the emissions of soot and SO_2remarkably decreased by 14% and 10% respectively in 2009. The descent speeds of PM₁₀, SO₂, NO_2were accelerated by 20%, 2% and 2%. The results demonstrated that the measures taken during the 11th five-year plan and Beijing Olympic Games and the economic crisis played a distinct role in the air quality in Tangshan City.