重庆主城区水域典型PhACs污染水平及生态风险评估

采用固相萃取(SPE),高效液相色谱/串联质谱法(HPLC-MS/MS)检测分析了包括磺胺类、喹诺酮类、大环类酯类抗生素、心血管类、止痛剂类等8类PhACs (医药活性物质)在重庆主要地表水体长江、嘉陵江及花溪河的污染特征. 结果表明,21种目标PhACs中,有14种在3条河流中均有检出,长江与嘉陵江的中ρ(PhACs)为1.1~35.5ng/L,花溪河ρ(PhACs)为10.3~445.6ng/L. 莫西沙星、苯扎贝特、吉非罗奇、双氯芬酸、阿托伐他汀等5种目标PhACs仅在花溪河中检出,质量浓度为0.6~31.4ng/L. 氨氯地平未检出. 花溪河流量小且周边污水直排严重,除磺胺甲嘧啶、立痛定与辛伐他汀外,其他目标PhACs的质量浓度显著高于其他2条河流. 参照MEC/PNEC(MEC为环境实测浓度,PNEC为生态风险阈值)风险综合评估体系评估了水环境中PhACs的生态风险,在检测出的目标PhACs中,磺胺甲恶唑、氧氟沙星、红霉素、降固醇酸的生态风险熵(RQ=MEC/PNEC)均大于0.1,可能会对环境产生中等程度危害的生态风险,这与这4种PhACs的大量频繁使用密切相关. 

Pollution Level and Ecological Risk Assessment of Typical Pharmaceutically Active Compounds in the River Basins of Main Districts of Chongqing

The pollution characteristics of eight therapeutic groups, including antibiotics, analgesics, antiepileptics, antilipidemics, antihypersensitives, in the Yangtze River, Jialing River and Huaxi stream which is a tributary of the Yangtze River in Chongqing, were investigated using the high-performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry. Results showed that 14of the 21target PhACs were detected and the concentration levels ranged from 1.1to 35.5ng/L in the Yangtze River and Jialing River, while ranged from 10.3to 445.6ng/L in the Huaxi stream. Moxifloxacin, bezafibrate, gemfibrozil, diclofenac and atorvastatin were only detected in the Huaxi stream. The concentrations varied from 0.6-31.4ng/L. Amlodipine was not found in this study. The flow of Huaxi stream is small and the direct emission of the surrounding sewage was very serious. Consequently, the concentrations of the target PhACs, except for sulfamethazine, carbamazepine and simvastatin, in Huaxi stream were statistically significantly higher than in the other two rivers. Risk quotients, the ratios of measured environmental concentrations (MEC) and the predicted no-effect concentrations, were over than 0.1for sulfamethoxazole, ofloxacin, erythromycin and clofibric acid, indicating that the environment concentrations of single compounds may have a medium ecological risk, which is closely related to their larger consumption.