基于GIS的矿山塌陷损害评价系统及可视化方法

在各种工程塌陷问题中,矿山开采引起的地表塌陷是最为严重的一类,矿山塌陷是工程防灾减灾的重要内容。本文围绕“基于GIS的矿山塌陷损害评价系统”的构筑问题,对矿山开采塌陷的三维计算方法和塌陷数据的组织及可视化方式进行了探讨,给出了丘陵和低平山地条件下地表塌陷的三维可视化预计方法,实现了DEM和地表塌陷盆地的可视化表达,并对三维地形图与三维塌陷图的可视化叠置进行了探索。

Evaluation System of Mining Subsidence Damage Based on GIS

Ground subsidence due to underground mining could cause a series of damage to surface structures and farmland and change surface and surface drainage patterns. During the past few decades, a number of subsidence prediction techniques have been proposed. Ground subsidence disaster caused by mining is the worst form in all kinds of engineering subsidence. The ground subsidence of mining is a main subject in disaster control and prevention in engineering. GIS (geographic information system) as a new digitization technology is widely used in geotechnical engineering, and its advantages in data management and data visulization are remarkable. For building up an effective system of ground subsidence damage evaluation based on GIS, the 3D ground subsidence calculation model, data organization method and data visulatiza-tion methods have been given, and application of the methods are discussed. A spatial model for predicting and analyzing surface subsidence has been developed and is being integrated into a GIS software-MapInfo. In the condition of upland and low mountainous region, the visual dynamic calculation method of ground subsidence is provided. The approaches of visualization for DEM and ground subsidence basin have been established, and moreover, we have done research on visual superposition for 3D relief map and ground subsidence basin. Based on the 3D ground subsidence calculation model, subsidence damage evaluation method and data visualization method, a system of ground subsidence damage evaluation based on GIS is build. The system have been used in many mining subsidence damage evaluation projects.