Assessing Risk and Guidance on Monitoring of Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis in Europe through Identification of Taxonomic Selectivity of Infection |
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Authors: | PETR CIVIŠ JIRI VOJAR ATTILA HETTYEY ENDRE SÓS RÓBERT DANKOVICS ROBERT JEHLE DITTE G CHRISTIANSEN FRANCES CLARE MATTHEW C FISHER TRENTON W J GARNER JON BIELBY |
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Institution: | 1. Faculty of Environmental Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, , Prague CZ, 165 21 Czech Republic;2. Department of Integrative Biology and Evolution, Konrad Lorenz Institute of Ethology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna 1160 Vienna, , Savoyenstr. 1A, Austria;3. Lendület Evolutionary Ecology Research Group, Plant Protection Institute, Centre for Agricultural Research, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, , 1022 Budapest, Hungary;4. Budapest Zoo and Botanical Garden, 1146 Budapest, , Hungary;5. Savaria Museum, 9700 Szombathely, Kisfaludy Sándor u. 9, , Hungary;6. School of Environment and Life Sciences, University of Salford, , Greater Manchester, United Kingdom;7. Institute of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, Ecology, Universit?t Zürich, , 8057 Zürich, Switzerland;8. Institute of Zoology, Zoological Society of London, Regents Park, , London, NW1 4RY, United Kingdom;9. Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Imperial College, St. Mary's Hospital, , London, United Kingdom |
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Abstract: | Amphibians are globally threatened, but not all species are affected equally by different threatening processes. This is true for the threat posed by the chytridiomycete fungus (Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis). We compiled a European data set for B. dendrobatidis to analyze the trends of infection in European amphibians. The risk of infection was not randomly distributed geographically or taxonomically across Europe. Within countries with different prevalence, infection was nonrandom in certain amphibian taxa. Brown frogs of the genus Rana were unlikely to be infected, whereas frogs in the families Alytidae and Bombinatoridae were significantly more likely to be infected than predicted by chance. Frogs in the 2 families susceptible to B. dendrobatidis should form the core of attempts to develop spatial surveillance studies of chytridiomycosis in Europe. Ideally, surveys for B. dendrobatidis should be augmented by sampling the widespread genus Pelophylax because this taxon exhibits geographically inconsistent overinfection with B. dendrobatidis and surveillance of it may facilitate recognition of factors causing spatial variability of infection intensity. Several European amphibian taxa were not represented in our data set; however, surveillance of unsampled species should also occur when warranted. Evaluación de Riesgo y Orientación para el Monitoreo de Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis en Europa Mediante la Identificación de la Selectividad Taxonómica de la Infección |
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Keywords: | amphibians < animals conservation planning disease epidemiology Europe inventory and monitoring risk assessment |
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