海洋细菌N3对几种赤潮藻的溶藻效应

从深圳大鹏湾南澳赤潮暴发海域的表层沉积物中分离得到1株海洋溶藻细菌(编号N3),以三角褐指藻(Phaeodactylumtricornutum)和常见赤潮生物锥状斯氏藻(Scrippsiella trochoidea)、海洋原甲藻(Prorocentrum micans)和中肋骨条藻(Skeletonemacostatum)为实验藻种,利用液体感染法研究了该株溶藻细菌的溶藻效应及溶藻方式.结果表明,菌株N3对中肋骨条藻和三角褐指藻均无溶藻活性,而菌悬液的体积分数为2%和10%时分别对锥状斯氏藻和海洋原甲藻有较好的溶藻效果,但溶藻现象不同.菌株N3可使锥状斯氏藻的细胞变形,胞内物质分布不均匀并最终死亡;使海洋原甲藻的藻细胞膨胀变形,细胞膜内物质聚集于一端,最终藻细胞破裂死亡.菌株N3对锥状斯氏藻和海洋原甲藻的溶藻方式相同,均以直接溶藻为主.菌株N3的菌悬液以2%、1%和0.1%的体积分数接种到锥状斯氏藻藻液中时,细菌的密度整体上呈下降趋势,2%处理组中藻细胞在120 h内全部死亡,而1%和0.1%处理组藻细胞的增长率略低于对照组.菌株N3的菌悬液以10%、5%和1%的体积分数接种到海洋原甲藻藻液中时,细菌的密度呈下降趋势,10%和5%处理组中藻细胞至120 h时死亡率分别为78%和70%,而1%处理组的藻细胞与对照组无显著差异.电镜观察、生理生化鉴定及16S rRNA鉴定结果表明,菌株N3为芽胞杆菌属(Bacillus sp.).

Algicidal Activity Against Red-tide Algaes by Marine Bacterial Strain N3 Isolated from a HABs Area, Southern China

A marine algicidal bacterium N3 was isolated from a HABs area in Mirs Bay, a subtropical bay, in southern China. Algicidal activity and algicidal mode against Phaeodactylum tricornutum, Scrippsiella trochoidea, Prorocentrum micans and Skeletonema costatum were observed by the liquid infection method. The results showed that there were no algicidal activities against P. tricornutum and S. costatum. However, when the bacterial volume fractions were 2% and 10%, S. trochoidea and P. micans could be killed, respectively. S. trochoidea cells which were exposed to strain N3 became irregular in shape and the cellular components lost their integrity and were decomposed. While, the P. micans cells became inflated and the cellular components aggregated, followed by cell lysis. Strain N3 killed S. trochoidea and P. micans directly, and the algicidal activities of the bacterial strain N3 was concentration-dependent. To S. trochoidea, 2% (V/V) of bacteria in algae showed the strongest algicidal activity, all of the S. trochoidea cells were killed within 120 h. But the growth rates of cells, in the 1% and 0.1% treatment groups, were only slightly lower than that in the control group. In all treatment groups, the densities of strain N3 were in declining trends. While, to P. micans, 10% and 5% of bacteria in algae showed strong algicidal activities, 78% and 70% of the S. trochoidea were killed within 120 h, respectively. However, the number of S. trochoidea after exposure to 1% of bacterial cultures still increased up to 5 incubation days. And in the three treatment groups, the densities of strain N3 experienced a decrease process. The isolated strain N3 was identified as Bacillus sp. by morphological observation, physiological and biochemical characterization, and homology comparisons based on 16S rRNA sequences.