基于能源消费情景模拟的北京市主要大气污染物和温室气体协同减排研究

在改善城市空气质量的同时降低温室气体(GHG)排放,是未来北京市能源管理和环境保护工作的共同目标和主要任务.本研究结合北京市中长期规划发展目标及能源消费结构,分别设置基于节能政策和环保要求的低、中、高这3种能源消费约束情景,并使用LEAP模型模拟预测3种情景下北京市主要大气污染物和GHG在2010～2020年间的减排效果.结果表明,通过加强节能减排和污染控制政策对能源消费系统施加约束和优化,至2020年北京市能源消费可降低1 000～3 000万tce,SO2、NOx、PM10/PM2.5、VOC和GHG排放量将分别降至7.1～10.02、15.92～21.87、8.98～13.38/5.14～9.60、5.64～7.48和14 820～16 470万t,与低约束情景相比,中、高情景下大气污染物和GHG排放将分别减少53%～67%、50%～64%、33%～55%/25%～60%、41%～55%和26～34%.进一步的协同减排分析表明,北京市应重点调控工业、交通、服务业部门的化石能源消费,在有效缓解能源消费压力的同时实现主要大气污染物与GHG的协同减排.

Synergistic Emission Reduction of Chief Air Pollutants and Greenhouse Gases Based on Scenario Simulations of Energy Consumptions in Beijing

It is one of the common targets and important tasks for energy management and environmental control of Beijing to improve urban air quality while reducing the emissions of greenhouse gases (GHG). Here, based on the interim and long term developmental planning and energy structure of the city, three energy consumption scenarios in low, moderate and high restrictions were designed by taking the potential energy saving policies and environmental targets into account. The long-range energy alternatives planning (LEAP) model was employed to predict and evaluate reduction effects of the chief air pollutants and GHG during 2010 to 2020 under the three given scenarios. The results showed that if urban energy consumption system was optimized or adjusted by exercising energy saving and emission reduction and pollution control measures, the predicted energy uses will be reduced by 10 to 30 million tons of coal equivalents by 2020. Under the two energy scenarios with moderate and high restrictions, the anticipated emissions of SO₂, NO_x, PM₁₀, PM_2.5, VOC and GHG will be respectively reduced to 71 to 100.2, 159.2 to 218.7, 89.8 to 133.8, 51.4 to 96.0, 56.4 to 74.8 and 148200 to 164700 thousand tons. Correspondingly, when compared with the low-restriction scenario, the reducing rate will be 53% to 67%, 50% to 64%, 33% to 55%, 25% to 60%, 41% to 55% and 26% to 34% respectively. Furthermore, based on a study of synergistic emission reduction of the air pollutants and GHG, it was proposed that the adjustment and control of energy consumptions shall be intensively developed in the three sectors of industry, transportation and services. In this way the synergistic reduction of the emissions of chief air pollutants and GHG will be achieved; meanwhile the pressures of energy demands may be deliberately relieved.