基于LUCC的露天矿区景观格局研究一以黑岱沟露天煤矿为例

露天矿区开发活动主要是在景观层次上进行，其直接导致土地利用／覆被变化（LandUse／Cover Change，LUCC）。本文以黑岱沟大型露天煤矿1987年、1990年、2000年及2010年4期遥感影像的土地利用数据为基础，基于GIS空间分析功能，以破碎度、分离度和优势度景观格局指数和景观类型脆弱度为指标，分析景观格局现状。研究显示：开发初期，耕地和草地虽有所减少，但所占面积保持在80％以上；生态恢复开始后，土地类型向林地和草地转移的面积逐渐增多。景观水平上分析显示，景观上破碎化程度加大，煤矿建设用地斑块面积逐年增大。从景观指数看，耕地、草地、未利用地的破碎度、分离度指数变化呈上升或不稳定状态，建设用地的破碎度和分离度指数有所减小；优势景观类型有所改变，建设用地对于区域景观的控制作用逐渐加强。

Research of The Landscape Pattern Based on LUCC in Opencast Mine Area -Take Heidaigou Opencast Mine for Example

Mining activities are mainly carried out at the landscape level, and directly lead toland use/cover change （ LUCC ）. Based on the land use data of Heidalgou opencast mine in 1987, 1990, 2000 and 2010, supported by GIS spatial analysis, and with the indexes of fragmentation, isolation , dominance and vulnerability of landscape types, the present characteristics of landscape pattern was analyzed. It showed that the area of cultivated land and grassland decreased in the initial stage of development, but the proportion remained above 80% ; woodland and grassland gradually increased after ecological restoration. Based on analysis of landscape, the fragmentation degree and patch area of coal mine construction land increased year by year. The indexes of fragmentation and isolation of cultivated land, grassland and unuti- lized land were increasing or unstable, and that of the construction land decreased ; the type of dominant landscape changed and the control action of construction land to the landscape gradually tightened.