耕作深度调控秸秆还田对农田土壤呼吸的影响

秸秆还田和耕作深度处理是影响农田土壤呼吸最重要的农业管理措施之一,但二者交互作用影响农田土壤呼吸的机制尚不清楚.基于此,针对中国的旱地农田生态系统,利用已发表的116篇研究论文,借助Meta分析技术,探究秸秆还田和耕作深度处理及其二者交互作用对农田土壤呼吸的影响及其调控因素,为农田生态系统实现“碳中和”提供重要的数据支撑和理论依据.结果表明,免耕导致土壤呼吸减少了8.3%,而浅耕和深耕处理对土壤呼吸的影响不显著,但对土壤呼吸的增加量仍呈现出深耕>浅耕>免耕的趋势.虽然,浅耕和深耕对土壤呼吸和土壤有机碳（SOC）的影响均相对较小,但是免耕导致土壤呼吸减少了8.3%的同时却又导致SOC增加了7.05%,因此实施免耕措施对农田土壤固碳减排具有重要意义.此外,耕作深度会显著调控秸秆还田对土壤呼吸的影响,且土壤呼吸的增加量呈现出深耕秸秆还田>浅耕秸秆还田>免耕秸秆还田的趋势,整体平均增加了14.51%.秸秆还田后不同深度耕作处理下土壤呼吸的增加量与土壤容重、农作物产量、土壤有机碳、以及土壤温度和水分的改变量密切相关,且对土壤呼吸增加量的贡献呈现出土壤容重>农作物产量>土壤有机碳>土壤水分>土壤温度的趋势.虽然SOC在深耕秸秆还田、浅耕秸秆还田和免耕秸秆还田处理下分别增加了29.32%、10.12%和23.94%,但是土壤呼吸在深耕秸秆还田和浅耕秸秆还田处理分别增加了29.32%和18.92%,而在免耕秸秆还田处理下仅增加1.2%.所以,免耕秸秆还田也有利于农田土壤固碳减排.因此,在中国的旱地农田生态系统中,耕作深度会调控秸秆还田对土壤呼吸的影响程度,而这种调控主要与土壤理化性质有关,尤其与土壤容重关系最为紧密,且免耕和免耕秸秆还田均是有利于农田土壤固碳减排的重要农业管理措施.

Tillage Depth Regulation and the Effect of Straw Return on Soil Respiration in Farmland

Straw return and tillage depth treatments are one of the most important agricultural management measures that affect farmland soil respiration, but the mechanism of their interaction affecting farmland soil respiration remains unclear. Therefore, 116 published research articles were used through Meta-analysis technology for dryland farmland ecosystems in China to explore the effects of straw return and tillage depth treatments and their interaction on farmland soil respiration and its regulatory factors, which will provide important data support and a theoretical basis for achieving "carbon neutrality" in farmland ecosystems. The results showed that no tillage reduced soil respiration by 8.3%, and the effects of shallow and deep tillage treatments on soil respiration were not significant, but the increase in soil respiration still showed a trend of deep tillage>shallow tillage>no tillage. However, both shallow and deep tillage had relatively small effects on soil respiration and soil organic carbon (SOC), whereas no tillage reduced soil respiration by 8.3% and increased SOC by 7.05%. Therefore, implementing no tillage measures is of great significance for soil carbon sequestration and emission reduction in farmland ecosystems. In addition, tillage depth significantly regulated the impact of straw return on soil respiration, and the increase in soil respiration showed a trend of deep tillage straw return>shallow tillage straw return>no tillage straw return, with an overall average increase of 14.51%. The increase in soil respiration under different tillage depth treatments after straw return was closely related to the change in soil bulk density, crop yield, SOC, soil temperature, and moisture, and the contribution to the increase in soil respiration showed a trend of soil bulk density>crop yield>soil organic carbon>soil moisture>soil temperature. However, SOC increased by 29.32%, 10.12%, and 23.94%, respectively, in the deep tillage straw return, shallow tillage straw return, and no tillage straw return treatments, whereas soil respiration increased by 29.32% and 18.92%, respectively, in the deep tillage straw return and shallow tillage straw return treatments, and it only increased by 1.2% in the no tillage straw return treatment. Therefore, no tillage straw return was also beneficial to soil carbon sequestration and emission reduction in farmland ecosystems. Thus, in the dryland farmland ecosystem of China, tillage depth treatments regulated the impact of straw return on soil respiration, which was mainly related to soil physical and chemical properties, especially being closely related to soil bulk density. Moreover, no tillage and no tillage straw return are important agricultural management measures that are conducive to soil carbon sequestration and emission reduction.