赤泥建设材料衍生产品的安全性分析

赤泥是拜耳法炼铝工业中产生的残渣，因其具有碱性腐蚀、有毒有害金属元素、放射性元素，而成为一个棘手的环境问题。赤泥安全处置的有效方法是通过开发工业上可行的规模化应用方法，以提高利用率、减少处置量，赤泥在建设工程材料领域的开发就是其规模化应用的一种有效途径；同时，必须解决赤泥的建设材料衍生产品的安全性问题，才能从根本上实现赤泥废弃物的无害化处置。从放射性、腐蚀性及浸出毒性方面讨论赤泥建设工程材料衍生品的可行性、安全性与环境相容性。结果表明，赤泥的放射性水平超过了安全规定的限值，但没有表现出显著的浸出毒性，同时其碱性延缓了钢筋的去钝化进程。

Safety analysis on construction material derivative products of red mud

Red mud is a residue obtained by the Bayer process during alumina production,and its disposal is an environmental problem due to its caustic nature,metal and radionuclide content and high alkalinity. The best solution to safe disposal of red mud,which is continuously generated in large amounts,is to develop feasible application in industrial scale and to decrease the quantity for disposal with the utilization of red mud in the industry. Development of derivative construction material by red mud is one of the best ways to reutilize red mud in large scale. Besides,the safety issue of derivative construction material must be solved to make red mud harmless through treatment. Feasibility,safety and environmental compatibility of derivative construction material by red mud were discussed in the aspects of radioactivity,causticity and leaching toxicity. Experimental results showed that radioactivity levels of red mud exceed the limit specified in the national standard. However,it doesn’t produce strong leaching toxicity,and its alkalinity slows down the depassivation of rebar.