我国水污染防治的战略与政策的探讨

我国大部分城市污水的95%未经处理排放入水体,城市地区的水质有继续恶化的趋势,甚至许多城镇的下水管网尚不完善.随着城市化和工业化的发展,城市污水将继续增加.我国在污水处理中投资不足和水污染规模大这一不相适应的矛盾将会在相当长的一个时期内存在.解决我国水污染的根本原则是供求最大的费用—有效性.未来水污染防治的政策要点是:1.集中力量于源头削减污染产生量;2.建立按总量控制的流域级水污染防治的方法和示范工程;3.在投资和管理体制上建立以城市污水集中处理的市场经济刺激机制.

DISCUSSION OF THE STRATEGY AND POLICY FOR WATER POLLUTION CONTROL IN CHINA

The situation of water quality is worse in most urban areas in China, where more than 95 present of sewage water is discharged without treatment. Many cities are even lack of sewer systems. The sewage water will be increased with the rapid development of urbanization and industrializationThe contradiction between the low investment in water pollution control and the large scale of pollution will exist for a long time in the future. Most cost-effectiveness is the principle solution of the water pollution control in China.The policy can be summed up as follows:l. focusing the strength force on reducing pollution at the source wherever possible-prevention pollution; 2.carring out the method of pollutants quantity control and setting up a demonstratin on the river basin level; 3.on the financial and management institution make maximum use of market incentives based on the centralize d municipal sewage treatment system.