过磷酸钙和腐烂苹果联合添加对猪粪堆肥过程中碳素转化和腐熟的影响

调控堆肥过程中CO_2的排放,对于保证堆肥进程的有效进行和减少碳素损失具有重要意义.本文以过磷酸钙和腐烂苹果为添加剂,共设置4个处理:不添加添加剂(CK)、过磷酸钙处理(P)、腐烂苹果处理(A)及混合添加处理(1/2过磷酸钙+1/2腐烂苹果,PA),研究在自制堆肥反应箱猪粪堆肥过程中碳素转化特征及其对堆肥腐熟的影响.结果表明,单加过磷酸钙处理进入高温期的时间晚于其他处理3～4 d,而混合添加处理并没有出现高温期推迟的现象.整个堆肥过程中,CK、P、A和PA处理CO_2-C的累积排放量分别占起始碳素的37.0%、33.0%、40.1%和36.7%,碳素损失分别为54.1%、50.3%、59.4%和55.7%.虽然单加过磷酸钙处理降低了堆肥中碳素损失,但却抑制了有机质的降解,增加了电导率值,而混合添加处理促进了有机质的降解,并使腐殖质含量较对照提高了11.8%.此外,单加过磷酸钙处理的种子发芽指数在40 d时才达到80%,而混合添加处理在24 d时已达到80%.综上分析,1/2过磷酸钙+1/2腐烂苹果联合添加是一种可行的畜禽粪便堆肥添加剂使用方法.

Influences of calcium superphosphate, rotten apples and their mixture on organic matter transformation and compost maturity during pig manure composting

The regulation of CO₂ emission in composting process is of great significance to ensure the effective composting process and reduce carbon loss. In order to find an available additive and explore their underlying mechanism on carbon transformation and compost maturity, we carried on an incubation experiment including four treatments of no additive as control(CK), addition of either calcium superphosphate(P), rotten apples(A) or half and half mixture(PA) in our special composting box. Results indicated that high temperature stage of compost was delayed 3~4 days in the P treatment, while it was not observed in the PA treatment. During the whole process of composting, the CO₂-C accumulative emissions of CK, P, A and PA treatments were 37.0%, 33.0%, 40.1% and 36.7% of the initial carbon, respectively, and the carbon loss was 54.1%, 50.3%, 59.4% and 55.7%, respectively. Although the carbon loss was reduced in the P treatment, the degradation of organic matter was inhibited and EC was increased. Compared to the P treatment, degradation of organic matter was promoted in the PA treatment, consequently the humus content of the end compost was increased by 11.8% compared to the CK. Moreover, the GI reached 80% at the 40^th day after sowing in P treatment, but it was the 24^th day in PA treatment. As a result, it is suggested that application of the combination superphosphate and rotten apples with half and half is an effective method for manure composting.