2015—2016年中国城市臭氧浓度时空变化规律研究

为探究中国大陆城市O₃污染状况时空变化的总体特征,运用时空统计分析和GIS技术对2015—2016年全国开展O₃常规监测的336个城市进行分析,揭示近两年O₃浓度及不同等级污染天数的时空变化格局,并着重对比分析"三区十群"区域内外O₃浓度的变化差异.结果表明：2015—2016年期间,全国336个城市中,有258个城市2016年年均O₃浓度值较2015年升高,形成了新的O₃污染空间格局;京津冀及周边地区、长三角地区、中部的河南、武汉污染较重,东南沿海和西南地区的云南、西藏污染相对较轻;长三角地区和山东城市群是中国O₃核心污染区域,陕西、山西及安徽三省O₃浓度较2015年有大幅升高.O₃的空间分布与NO_x排放量、生成控制型等因素密切相关.已有的研究区域中除华北平原和四川盆地等地区的郊区点位以外,我国大多数地区的O₃生成控制型属于VOCs控制型.研究结果有利于从宏观上直接对比评估国家大气污染重点防控区内外O₃污染特征变化的差异,从而针对性地开展环境污染防控.

Pollution status and spatio-temporal variations of ozone in China during 2015-2016

In order to further understand the general characteristics of temporal and spatial changes of O₃ pollution in mainland China, the analysis of 336 cities in O₃ routine monitoring during 2015 to 2016 was analyzed by means of time-space statistical analysis and GIS technology. The temporal and spatial distribution of O₃ concentration and different pollution days were analyzed. And the differences of O₃ concentration inside and outside the area of "three districts and ten groups" were especially compared. The results show that the annual mean O₃ concentration of 258 cities in 2016 is higher than that in 2015, and formed a new O₃ pollution spatial pattern. That is, O₃ pollution in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region, Shandong urban agglomeration, Yangtze River Delta region, Henan urban agglomeration, and Wuhan and surrounding urban agglomeration is obviously aggravated (especially, Yangtze River Delta region and Shandong urban agglomeration are China''s O₃ core pollution areas); the concentration of O₃ in several rural areas such as Tibet Plateau, Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau and the west bank of the Straits is always low; but at the same time, Shaanxi Guanzhong city group, Shanxi city group and Anhui city group formed a new O₃ heavily polluted space pattern. The spatial distribution of O₃ shows strong correlation with the spatial distribution of NO_x emission and O₃\NO_x-VOCs sensitivity. Previous studies showed that the O₃ generation control of most areas in China belonged to the VOCs control type, while the suburban spots in the North China Plain and Sichuan basin were NO_x control type. The results of the study are helpful to evaluate the differences of O₃ pollution characteristics inside and outside the national air pollution prevention and control area directly from the macroscopic point of view, so as to carry out the prevention and control of environmental pollution.