2005年夏季环渤海16条主要入海河流的污染状况

2005-07-01～2005-07-05对环渤海的黄河等16条主要河流的入海污染同步调查显示,13条河流断面的水质属于Ⅳ类以上,其中子牙新河等8条河流水质属于劣Ⅴ类,通过污染分担率分析,环渤海河流的首要污染物为石油类（11条河流）,其次为营养盐,高锰酸盐指数仅位居第3.采用综合营养状态指数法评价,大辽河、黄河等7条河流处于富营养状态,而小清河、蓟运河等7条河流处于重度富营养状态,可见环渤海河流的富营养化现象非常严重.有机污染物的调查显示,16条河流断面采样点TOC的平均值为16 .41 mg/L,高锰酸盐指数的平均值为6 .04 mg/L,其中易降解有机物所占比例平均为15 .61%,表明虽然环渤海16条河流中的化学需氧有机物质的污染严重,但总有机物的入海通量更大,这一点必须引起足够的重视.

Contaminative Conditions Evaluation of Sixteen Main Rivers Flowing into Sea Around Bohai Sea, in Summer of 2005

In order to study the pollution conditions of sixteen main rivers around Bohai Sea such as Yellow River and so on, water samples were collected synchronously from July 1 to July 5 in summer of 2005. The results show that, thirteen rivers are worse than the IV water, and eight rivers such as Ziyaxinhe River and so on are worse than the V water. By analysing the sharing ratio of pollution, the key pollutant is petroleum (eleven rivers), the second is nutrients, and the third is permanganate index. The comprehensive trophic state index was assessed, and it is shown that seven rivers such as Liaohe River, Yellow River and so on are eutrophic, and the other seven rivers such as Xiaoqinghe River and Jiyunhe River and so on are extreme-eutrophic. As a result, the eutrophic comditions of rivers around Bohai Sea are very serious. The organic pollutant investigation indicates that the average concentration of TOC in sixteen rivers is 16.41 mg/L, the average permanganate index is 6.04 mg/L, and the average weight percentage of the easily degradable organics in total is only 15.61%, which suggests that the organic pollution conditions of the sixteen rivers are far serious, but the fluxes of total organic matters, which are more, should be put more attention on.