Energy use and environmental impacts of forest operations in Sweden |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Department of Forest Biomaterials and Technology, SE-90183, Umeå, Sweden;2. SSPA Sweden AB, PO Box 24001, SE-400 22, Göteborg, Sweden;3. Bioendev AB, Korsvägen 1, SE-91335, Holmsund, Sweden;1. Dipartimento di Gestione dei Sistemi Agrari, Alimentari e Forestali (GESAAF), Università di Firenze, Via S. Bonaventura 13, 50145 Firenze, Italy;2. Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie per l’Agricoltura, le Foreste, la Natura e l’Energia (DAFNE), Università della Tuscia, Via San Camillo De Lellis, 01100 Viterbo, Italy;3. Istituto per la Valorizzazione del Legno e delle Specie Arboree (IVALSA), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via Madonna del Piano 10, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy;4. Consiglio per la Ricerca e la Sperimentazione in Agricoltura (CRA), Unità di Ricerca Produzione di Legno Fuori Foresta, Struttura Operativa Periferica di Roma, Via Valle della Quistione 27, 00166 Roma, Italy;5. Dipartimento di Scienze delle Produzioni Agroalimentari e dell’Ambiente (DISPAA), Università degli Studi di Firenze, Piazzale delle Cascine 28, 50144 Firenze, Italy;1. Environmental and Energy Systems Studies, Lund University, PO Box 118, SE-221OO Lund, Sweden;2. Climate and Sustainable Cities, IVL Swedish Environmental Research Institute, PO Box 21060, SE-100 31 Stockholm, Sweden;3. Physical Resource Theory, Department of Energy and Environment, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-412 96 Göteborg, Sweden |
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| Abstract: | An inventory of energy use in forest operations in Sweden 1996 and 1997 comprises all operations including seedling production, silviculture, logging and secondary haulage to forest industries. Energy use in Swedish forestry was about 150–200 MJ/m3 of timber, depending on the locality in Sweden. This inventory demonstrates much higher energy use for secondary haulage than was anticipated by earlier studies. In contrast to this, energy use in logging shows a slight decrease compared to the state of operations a decade earlier, possibly reflecting improvements in technology and management. Although secondary haulage operations account for the largest share of the energy used, logging and silviculture generate the highest levels of certain exhaust emissions. Emissions were either fuel-related (CO2, SOx) or engine-related (hydrocarbons, NOx). Use of renewable fuels and improvements in engine design and the better adjustment of engines to forestry operations could decrease these kinds of emissions.The emission of gases that contribute to climate change is very small compared to national emissions. Nevertheless, there is scope for a further decrease of this contribution. Timber is an interesting raw material for alternative fuels, thus enabling a better market prospect for such timber that does not meet the specifications of traditional forest industry. |
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