贵州农村冬季不同燃料燃烧产生的室内外PM_(2.5)研究

为了解贵州农村家庭冬季不同燃料燃烧产生的室内外PM2.5污染状况及其产生与变化规律,2011年11月～2012年2月间选择燃煤村寨水城县A村、烧柴村寨从江县B村和沼气推广示范村寨贵阳市乌当区C村各1户,每户设置厨房、卧室和室外3个监测点,进行连续5天PM2.5小时浓度和日均浓度的监测。结果表明:贵州农村室内因冬季燃烧不同燃料,产生的PM2.5浓度水平差异较大,但3户室内外空气中PM2.5的浓度大部分高于GB 3095—2012《环境空气质量标准》中PM2.5日均浓度限值75μg/m3,其中燃煤的A村室内PM2.5的浓度水平最高;厨房PM2.5的浓度,燃煤的家庭>燃柴的家庭>燃沼气的家庭,表明沼气是相对最为清洁的能源;而厨房与卧室相比,燃煤家庭和燃柴家庭厨房PM2.5平均小时浓度均高于卧室的PM2.5平均小时浓度,表明厨房应是室内主要的因燃料引起的环境空气污染区域;B村室外环境空气中PM2.5日均浓度高于其卧室中PM2.5日均浓度,表明除燃料燃烧本身引起的室内环境空气污染外,改善室外环境空气质量也是不容忽视的重要方面。

Indoor and outdoor PM2.5 pollution from the use of different domestic fuels in winter rural Guizhou

In order to obtain the PM2.5 data,its generation mechanism and distribution trends in winter rural Guizou due to domestic fuel use,we carried out this survey in Nov 2011-Feb 2012,with one household selected in each of the following three villages as our subjects —— village A in Suicheng county representing coal use,village B in Congjiang county as biomass use,village C in Wudang district Guiyang city,which is a pilot village of biogas promotion and demonstration,as biogas use.For each household,we set 3 monitoring spots,distributed respectively in the kitchen,bedroom and outdoor,to perform a continuous 5-day PM2.5 monitoring to aquire the hourly and daily average concentration.The results showed that,PM2.5 generated from domestic fuel use in winter rural Guizhou varied considerably,most of them went beyond 75μg/m3—— the daily average PM2.5 limit initiated by Ambient Air Quality Standard GB 3095-2012,with the highest being monitored in indoor of village A;the PM2.5 in kitchen descended in the order of fuel use as: coal,biomass,biogas,indicating that biogas is the cleaner fuel;among the coal and biomass use households,the hourly PM2.5 in kitchen was higher than in the bedroom,revealing that kitchen should be taken as the key control area of air pollution due to domestic fuel use;in village B,the outdoor daily average PM2.5 was higher than in the bedroom,showing that given indoor air pollution is caused by domestic fuel use,it is particularily significant to improve the ambient air quality.