工业污染源产排污核算模型及参数量化方法

工业污染源产排污核算方法及产排污系数是我国工业污染源产排污定量数据获取的重要工具.为进一步提升核算方法的适用性和准确性，基于工业代谢分析理论，针对我国工业污染源类型多样、工艺复杂、产排污环节多的特点，考虑当前工业生产活动中区域分工和专业化生产的现状与趋势，建立了“分类核算、提取共性、突出个性”的可拆分、可组合的产排污模块化核算模型.针对该模型的主要参数——产污系数、污染治理技术去除率、污染治理设施实际运行率分别提出参数量化方法.利用该模型对我国工业行业产排污核算方法及参数制定进行实践，结果表明:①41个工业行业划分为29个流程型行业和12个离散型行业.②41个大类工业行业核算参数包括940个核算环节、1 291种主要产品、1 575种原料、1 521个工艺的31 219个废水和废气污染物的产污系数以及101 358种污染治理技术去除率.③核算参数的最终核定应经过多级检验和校核.④核算参数受工业生产技术和污染治理技术变动影响，应及时进行修订或动态更新；在参数量化方法研究方面需不断深入挖掘产污系数影响因素组合的定量分析技术并扩展其应用，同时不断完善治理设施实际运行率的表征方式.研究显示，以工业代谢分析为理论依据建立的产排污模块化核算模型及参数量化方法符合我国工业污染源代谢规律和特征，已在第二次全国污染源普查、排放源统计调查中全面应用.由于工业生产体系具有动态变化性，核算模型及参数也应与之同步变化. 

Pollutant Generation and Discharge Accounting Model and Parameters Quantification Method in Industrial Sector

The accounting method and generation and discharge coefficients of industrial pollution sources are important tools for data acquisition of industrial pollution sources in China. In order to further improve the applicability and accuracy of the accounting method, the Pollutant Generation and Discharge Modular Accounting Model (PGDMA Model) was set up based on the analysis of the theory of industrial metabolism. The model, which is of 'classified accounting, extracting commonness and highlighting individuality' and with different modules able to split and combine, was established according to the characteristics of various types, complex processes and multiple links of pollutant generation and discharge of industrial pollution sources, and considering the current situation and trend of regional labor division and specialized production in the industrial production activities in China. The quantification methods of the main parameters of the model, such as the pollutant generation coefficient, the removal rate of pollutant end-of-pipe (EOP) treatment technology, and the operation rate of treatment facilities, were put forward. This model was used to study the accounting method and coefficients of pollutant generation and discharge in China's industrial sector. The results show that: (1) Among the 41 major industries, 29 are process-type industries and 12 are discrete-type industries. (2) There are a total of 940 accounting units, 1, 291 main products, 1, 575 raw materials and 1, 521 processes, with accounting parameters of 31, 219 wastewater and waste gas pollutant generation coefficients and 101, 358 removal efficiencies of treatment technologies in the 41 industries. (3) The final approval of the accounting parameters shall be subject to multiple levels of inspection and verification. (4) The parameters should be updated in time, as the accounting parameters are affected by the changes of industrial production technology and pollution control technology. It is necessary to further explore the quantitative analysis technology for the combination of influencing factors of pollutant generation coefficient, expand its applications, and improve the characterization methods of the operation rate of the treatment facilities. The research shows that PGDMA Model and parameter quantification method based on industrial metabolism analysis conform to the metabolic rules and characteristics of industrial pollution sources in China. The results have been fully applied in the second national pollution source census and discharge source statistical survey system of China. Because of the dynamic change of industrial production system, the accounting model and parameters should also keep updating.