国外大尺度生态廊道保护进展与秦岭国家公园建设

大型山脉在其走向上往往是生物扩散和分布的天然廊道。然而,由于人类干扰引起的生境碎片化,山地廊道的连通性已大为降低。20世纪以来,人们普遍意识到当前或过去的自然保护措施往往规模太小,无法维持许多物种的长期生存及其所依赖的生态过程。因而,山地廊道的连通性保护日益受到关注,大尺度生态廊道被认为是长远意义上保护气候变化下生物多样性的最优策略。综述连通性保护和生态廊道的概念、发展历程及国外大尺度生态廊道建设实践的经验,并从连通性保护的角度对秦岭国家公园建设提出一些建议,强调大尺度的连通性保护和生态廊道建设对于国家公园自然生态系统的长远保护具有重要意义。

Suggestions for the Qinling National Park Construction based on experiences of international large-scale ecological corridors

Mountain ranges are often natural corridors for wildlife's dispersal and distribution in their trendings. However, due to the habitat fragmentation caused by human activities, the connectivity of mountain corridor has been greatly reduced. Since the 20th century, it is generally recognized that current and previous conservation efforts are often not implemented at scales large enough for long-term persistence of many species and the ecological processes they depend on. Therefore, connectivity conservation of mountains has received increasing attention, and large-scale ecological corridors have been considered to be the best strategy for protecting the long-term biodiversity under climate change. This article reviews the concepts and development history of ecological corridor, the experiences of large-scale ecological corridor practices abroad, and proposes some suggestions for the coming Qinling National Park from the perspective of connectivity conservation. This study points out that large-scale connectivity conservation and ecological corridors are of great significance for the long-term protection of the natural ecosystem of national parks.