面向国土空间安全的城市体检评估方法及治理策略——以广州为例

中国快速城镇化进程中难以避免地出现了环境污染、发展粗放无序、治理乏力等城市病。城市体检作为贯彻落实中央城市工作会议精神的新型城市治理方式,已成为解决“城市病”,推动高质量发展的重要举措,但对其评估方法与实施路径的学术探讨较为欠缺。广州是全国开展城市体检的试点城市,在指标体系优化、城市问题诊断和治理策略探索方面有一定的代表性。以广州为例,聚焦于城市安全维度,建立了城市安全评估研究的基本框架,对指标体系筛选优化的技术方法进行了探究,提出从政策办法、标准规范、行动计划、建设项目等方面综合施策,并通过满意度调查和体检信息平台持续监测城市安全的治理成效,为国家城市体检工作提供研究支撑。

Urban physical examination evaluation methods and improvement strategies for territory space security: The case study of Guangzhou

China is experiencing the fastest urbanization process in the urban development history of the world. However, several urban issues, such as environmental pollution, extensive and disorderly development, and insufficient governance, have risen to hinder the sustainable development of Chinese cities. As a new type of urban governance mode that implements the requirements of the Central Urban Work Conference, urban physical examination has been prioritized on the working agenda of local governments, in order to solve striking problems including "urban diseases" and to promote high-quality development. However, scholarly discussions on the methods and implementation strategies of urban physical examination have received little attention. Guangzhou is selected as a pilot city for carrying out nationwide urban physical examinations. It has certain innovations in terms of the selection and optimization of indicator evaluation system, diagnosis of urban issues and exploration of implementation strategies. Taking Guangzhou as an example, on the basis of reviewing territory space security, urban physical examination and related research, a basic framework for urban security assessment research was initially established on urban security dimension. Subsequently, the principles of operability and rationality was adopted to select the indicators, and an innovative technical method for screening and optimization of the index system was proposed. Based on more than 10000 questionnaire surveys collected from government departments and citizens, we combined the top-down transmission control with the bottom-up social demands, and further proposed that policies and regulations, standards and norms, action plans, construction projects could be integrated to promote the urban physical examination. Furthermore, the effectiveness of urban safety improvement was continuously monitored through social satisfaction surveys and physical examination information platforms. This study can provide some references for conducting urban physical examinations throughout the country.