PDMS/Fe3O4/还原氧化石墨烯气凝胶复合材料的合成及其油水分离应用研究

近年来海上石油泄漏事件频发，不仅造成石油资源的浪费，还导致严重的生态和环境风险.因此，如何兼顾环境效益和经济效益治理海洋石油污染是目前亟待解决的问题.该文设计、制备了一种高效油水分离材料，以氧化石墨烯（GO）作为模板，负载纳米Fe₃O₄粒子，经聚二甲基硅氧烷（PDMS）改性，最终获得疏水亲油的PDMS/Fe₃O₄/还原氧化石墨烯气凝胶复合材料（RGA）；并利用多种现代表征方法测试材料的表面官能团、疏水性、热稳定性和微观形貌特征，利用吸油测试及重复试验测试其性能.结果表明:①改性后GO含氧官能团数量下降，水、油接触角测量结果表明RGA的亲水角为133.36°，亲油角为44.44°，具有较高疏水亲油性.②RGA的热稳定性较强，孔隙结构发达，油可填充在气凝胶微纳米结构形成的空隙中.③RGA质量轻，机械强度强，吸油量最多可达自重的18倍，对不同油水混合物均有较好的吸附能力且可重复使用，具有良好的吸油性能.研究显示，RGA具有质量轻、易回收、疏水亲油性良好、可重复使用等优点，具有大规模应用的潜力. 

Preparation of PDMS/Fe3O4/Graphene Aerogel Composite and Its Application in Oil-Water Separation

The occurrence of oil spills has caused a waste of oil resources and serious environmental risks, and highly efficient oil-water separation materials need to be developed urgently. Due to the problems of existing materials, this study focuses on the design and preparation of high efficiency oil-water separation materials. First, hydrophobic lipophilic PDMS/Fe₃O₄/reduced graphene oxide aerogel composite (RGA) was prepared using the modified Hummers method, and then Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles and polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) were loaded. Modern characterization instruments were used to characterize the microstructure, element composition, wettability, thermal stability, and surface functional groups of the material. And oil absorption test and repeated experiments were used to determine the oil absorption properties and reliability. The research shows that: (1) After modification, the oxygen-containing functional groups in graphene oxide were reduced and the hydrophobicity and lipophilicity were improved; (2) The results of the TG showed that thermal stability was enhanced. SEM images confirmed that the material had a highly porous structure and oil droplets could fill the voids formed by the aerogel structure; (3) The oil absorption test showed that the oil absorption reached 18 times of its own weight. And it has the advantages of light weight, high mechanical strength, easy recycling, and reusable. This material has the potential for large-scale use.