稻田综合种养土地利用的生态—经济效果——以湖北省稻虾共作为例

关注以稻虾共作为代表的稻田综合种养土地利用新型模式,基于在湖北省潜江市和荆州市的实地调研数据,运用非期望产出的SBM模型和投入导向DEA方法,测算和比较了稻虾共作户和水稻单作户土地利用的生态—经济效果。研究发现：与水稻单作相比,稻虾共作能够改善土地利用的生态—经济效果;但调研区一半以上的共作农户仍然延续着传统粗放的生产模式,生产中存在严重的过量投入,阻碍了其土地利用生态—经济效果的进一步优化。此外,若忽略环境污染,只考虑经济效果,将导致稻虾共作的土地利用效率被高估45.28%。目前,稻虾共作提高土地利用效率的功能未能充分发挥,亟需把环境影响纳入土地利用效率评估中,贯彻“双水双绿”的发展理念,引导农户合理安排各项生产投入,切实优化稻虾共作的生态—经济效果,促进土地可持续利用。

Study on the ecological-economic effects of rice-aquatic coculture land use pattern: The case of rice-crayfish coculture in Hubei province

In this paper, we focused on a new land-use model of integrated rice-aquatic coculture systems and based on the survey data in Qianjiang and Jingzhou, calculated and compared the ecological-economic effects of rice-crayfish co-culture and rice monoculture. The results show that compared with rice monoculture, rice-crayfish co-culture can improve the ecological-economic effects of land use. However, more than half of the co-farming households in the surveyed area continue the traditional extensive production mode, and there is a serious excessive investment in production, which hinders the further optimization of the ecological-economic effects of their land use. In addition, if we only consider the economic effects but ignore possible negative effects on environment, the land-use efficiency of rice-crayfish co-culture will be overestimated by 45.28%. At present, it is urgent to incorporate environmental impact into land-use efficiency assessment, implement the development concept of "double water and double green", guide farmers to rationally arrange various production inputs, and effectively optimize the ecological-economic effect of rice-crayfish co-culture, so as to promote sustainable land use.