2013—2018年中国近地面臭氧浓度空间分布特征及其与气象因子的关系

气象因子对近地面臭氧（O₃）浓度有重要影响.为探究O₃与气象因子的关联特征以及O₃的周期性特征，利用反距离权重插值、Kolmogorov-Zurbenko滤波和多元线性回归分析了2013—2018年我国O₃和气象因子数据.结果表明:①2013—2018年中国O₃日最大8 h滑动平均值〔ρ（O₃-max-8 h）〕第90百分位数呈上升趋势，增速为2.6 μg/（m3·a）；ρ（O₃-max-8 h）高值区（≥180 μg/m3）主要分布在华北平原和长江中下游平原一带，高值区范围在华北平原地区呈扩大趋势，在长三角和珠三角地区呈缩小趋势.②ρ（O₃-max-8 h）短期和季节分量的贡献在空间上呈“互补”的分布特征.短期分量的贡献（75%）在东南沿海地区最高，在内陆大部区域较低（< 30%）；季节分量的贡献（15%）在东南沿海地区最低，在内陆大部区域较高（>60%）.③在华北平原至长三角地区一带，长期气象因子变化是ρ（O₃-max-8 h）升高的重要原因；而在华南、西南和东北区域，气象因子变化对ρ（O₃-max-8 h）的影响并不显著.④ρ（O₃-max-8 h）与温度、太阳总辐射量的相关性（r>0.86）均在四川盆地至湖北省一带最高，ρ（O₃-max-8 h）与相对湿度在中部和西部区域呈正相关（r>0.64），ρ（O₃-max-8 h）与风速在华北平原呈强正相关（r>0.89）.研究显示，中国近地面O₃具有显著的时空分布特征，气象因子与太阳总辐射量对O₃空间分布的影响具有较大的区域差异. 

Spatial Pattern of Surface Ozone and Its Relationship with Meteorological Variables in China during 2013-2018

Meteorological variables play an vital role in variations of surface ozone (O₃). Here, O₃ and meteorological data from 2013 to 2018 in China were analyzed using the Inverse Distance Weight, Kolmogorov-Zurbenko filter and multiple linear regression to evaluate their relationships and periodicity of O₃. The results showed that: (1) From 2013 to 2018, the 90th percentile of 8-hour daily maximum ρ(O₃) (ρ(O₃-max-8 h)) gradually increased, with an annual growth rate of 2.6 μg/(m3·a). A high ρ(O₃-max-8 h) (≥ 180 μg/m3) zone occurred in the North China and Yangtze River Plains, which gradually expanded in the North China Plain and shrank in the Yangtze and Pearl River Deltas. (2) The spatial distribution of variance contributions of ρ(O₃-max-8 h) short-term and seasonal-term components was 'complementary'. The short-term contribution (75%) was the highest in the southeast coast and less than 30% inland, while the seasonal-term component was minimal in the southeast coast (15%), and much higher inland (60%). (3) From the North China Plain to the Yangtze River Delta, long-term meteorological changes mainly resulted in the ρ(O₃-max-8 h) increase, while meteorological changes had insignificant effects in the South, Southwest and Northeast China. (4) The correlations between ρ(O₃-max-8 h) and temperature and between ρ(O₃-max-8 h) and total solar radiation were the highest in Sichuan Basin and Hubei Province (r>0.86); between ρ(O₃-max-8 h) and relative humidity was higher in the central and western regions (r>0.64); whilst between ρ(O₃-max-8 h) and wind speed there was a strong positive correlation in the North China Plain (r>0.89). Overall, surface O₃ has significant spatial-temporal distribution characteristics in China, but the effects of meteorological factors and total solar radiation on O₃ distribution showed significant regional differences.