中国农产品地理标志的地域分异特征

农产品地理标志产品（APGI）是以地域名称冠名的特色农产品,做优做强APGI是发展特色农业、促进农业供给侧改革的重要手段,也是新时代助力乡村产业振兴的重要抓手。深入研究APGI的地域分异特征及社会经济效应等具有重要的现实意义。本文以2274个APGI信息作为主要数据,结合社会经济数据和自然地理数据,着力揭示中国APGI的地域分异特征,并简要分析其形成原因。研究表明：（1）APGI总体呈现“东多西少”的格局,在水平方向呈聚集分布,在垂直方向随海拔高度上升呈递减趋势;（2）各省保有APGI的数量差异大,少数民族聚居省份APGI人均拥有量高,省份面积小、自然条件相对较好的省份空间分布密度大,在县级行政区呈现“大分散、小集聚”的格局;（3）各类APGI除烟草类和爬行类以外均呈聚集分布,瓜果作物和水产品的聚集特征最为明显;（4）不同种类产品有其自身的地理要素适应区间,大部分APGI对于降水量的需求在400 mm以上,对于≥10 ℃积温的要求在1600 ℃以上,≥10 ℃积温区间大多在3200~6400 ℃;（5）APGI的地域分异受自然地理、历史文化、社会经济和政府行为等因素的综合影响。

Spatial pattern of agro-product geographical indications in China

Agro-product geographical indications (APGIs) are featured agricultural products with names of local region. Creating APGIs is an important means to develop featured agriculture and promote agricultural supply-side reform, and thus boost agricultural industry development and rural vitalization in the new era. It is of great significance to deeply study the regional differentiation characteristics and socio-economic effects of APGIs. This paper took 2274 APGIs as the main data source, combined with socio-economic data and natural geographic data, discussed the spatial pattern of APGIs in China. The research shows that: (1) Overall there are more APGIs in the east and less AGPIs in the west. It presents a pattern of concentration distribution in the horizontal direction, and shows a decreasing trend with the increase of elevation in the vertical direction. (2) There is a big difference in the number of APGIs between provinces. Shandong province has the most APGIs. The per capita APGIs is high in the provinces inhabited by ethnic groups, and the spatial distribution density is high in the provinces with small area and relatively good natural conditions. In the county-level administrative region, there exists a pattern of "large dispersion and small agglomeration", which is significantly related to the primary industry economic index, but the correlation coefficient is not high. (3) All kinds of APGIs, except tobacco and reptiles, show clustering distribution, among which the clustering effect of melon and fruit crops and aquatic products is the most obvious. (4) Different kinds of products have different geographic adaptation zones. Most APGIs require more than 400 mm precipitation, and at least 1600 ℃ for accumulative temperature above 10 ℃, especially between 3200-6400 ℃. (5) Natural geographical conditions, historical and cultural background, socio-economic development and government behaviors are the main factors influencing the regional differentiation of APGIs.