世界卫生组织(WHO)颁布环境健康基准的历程及对我国的借鉴

随着我国环境质量的不断改善，预防和控制由环境因素导致的健康风险正在成为环境管理制度的重要内容. 我国在环境基准理论和方法学领域取得了一些研究成果，而环境健康基准研究仍然存在不足，面临诸多挑战. 在回顾WHO启动环境健康基准项目背景，厘清起草、审阅和颁布环境健康基准的程序，系统总结244个环境健康基准核心内容的基础上，提出环境健康基准研究的几点建议:①运用组学和高时空人群精细化暴露评价等技术方法，开展环境致病因素和健康结局因果关系研究；②建立有效评价环境多因素暴露以及社会、经济发展状况相互作用产生健康风险的方法；③加强对影响我国居民健康，以及在环境介质中赋存量高的新型环境污染物健康基准研究；④推动建立符合我国环境质量管理需要的环境健康风险评价技术. 

World Health Organization (WHO) Environmental Health Criteria (EHC) Programme and the Practical Usefulness to China

With continuous improvement of China's environmental quality, the public is paying more attention to controlling and reducing the exposure levels of environmental agents that may affect human health. Numerous studies have been performed to establish the theoretic framework and methodology in the environmental criteria. However, we still face increasing challenges from the government under public pressure to incorporate new science into the human risk assessment process. The environmental health criteria (EHC) documents provide a scientific basis for decisions with a goal to protect humans from the adverse consequences of exposure to environmental pollutants or other agents. Moreover, the EHC documents are intended to assist national authorities in making risk assessment and subsequent risk management decisions and to update national authority on risk assessment methodology. This paper reviews the background of the WHO environmental health criteria programme, analyzes the procedures for preparing drafts and publishing documents, and summarize the key points of 244 EHC documents. To face the challenges, new technologies and methods including Omics should be used to reveal the mechanisms involved in adverse effects from environmental pollutants, especially those new pollutants that are harmful to human health. A comprehensive human risk assessment method should be developed to analyze the adverse effects related to environmental agent exposure and the interrelationship of socio-economic conditions. National authorities should give priority to the changes in human risk assessment procedures to meet social needs.