中国土地利用程度与生态系统服务强度脱钩分析

科学探索土地利用程度与生态系统服务强度之间的脱钩关系,可以有效揭示土地利用变化对生态系统的干扰程度,为土地利用政策制定和生态系统保护提供科学依据。但是,以往研究缺乏对中国县域尺度土地利用程度和生态系统服务强度之间脱钩关系的具体研究。为了弥补这一不足,结合2000—2015年间中国土地利用现状遥感监测数据以及植被覆盖度指数,采用生态系统服务强度和土地利用程度测度方法,分别测度了2000—2015年间中国县域尺度生态系统服务强度和土地利用程度的时空格局特征,并且借助脱钩分析理论框架探测二者之间的脱钩关系。研究结果表明：（1）研究期间中国生态系统服务强度呈现出显著的空间异质性,东南地区生态系统服务强度显著高于西北地区;平原地区、城市群地区以及大城市周边地区生态系统服务强度显著低于山地丘陵地区。（2）研究期间中国土地利用程度持续增加,东南地区土地利用程度明显高于西北地区,东南地区土地利用程度分布“高中有低”,西北地区土地利用程度分布“低中有高”。（3）脱钩分析结果表明强脱钩和扩张负脱钩是当前中国土地利用程度和生态系统服务强度二者的主要关系类型,前者是两难的窘境,后者是双赢的模式。研究发现土地利用不同阶段对生态系统服务强度的干扰呈现显著差异,结果可以为土地利用与生态系统管理政策的制定提供科学指导。

Decoupling analysis of land use intensity and ecosystem services intensity in China

Scientific exploration of the decoupling relationship between land use intensity (LUI) and ecosystem services intensity (ESI) can effectively reveal the disturbance of land use change to ecosystem and provide a solid basis for land use policy making and ecosystem protection in China. However, previous studies lacked specific research on the decoupling degree between LUI and ESI at county scale. To fill these gaps, this study measured the spatiotemporal distribution pattern of LUI and ESI with methods of ecosystem services intensity and land use intensity based on the remote sensing monitoring data of land use status and the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index in China from 2000 to 2015. The decoupling relationships between them were explored with the help of the decoupling theory analysis framework. The results showed that: (1) There was significant spatial heterogeneity in the ESI in China during the study period, and the ESI in Southeast China was significantly higher than that in Northwest China. The ESI in the plain areas, urban agglomeration areas, and the surrounding areas of large cities were significantly lower than those in the hilly areas. (2) LUI in China continued to increase during the study period. LUI in Southeast China was significantly higher than that in Northwest China. LUI in Southeast China exhibited the features of low-value LUI units distributed among high-value LUI units, while LUI in Northwest China exhibited the features of high-value LUI units distributed among low-value LUI units. (3) The results of decoupling analysis showed that strong decoupling and expansion negative decoupling were the main relationship types between LUI and ESI in China. The former was a dilemma mode, and the latter was a win-win mode. The study found that the interference of LUI on ESI varied greatly in different stages of land use. The results can provide scientific guidance for the policy making of land use and ecosystem management.