生物滤池去除恶臭气体工艺填料优选研究

生物滤池是生活垃圾处理厂处理恶臭气体的主要方式，影响生物滤池性能好坏的重要因素之一就是填料的种类.选用生活垃圾发酵后的堆肥产品作为生物滤池除臭填料，可在一定程度上实现资源循环利用.针对生活垃圾厂产生的甲苯、甲硫醇、氨气、硫化氢4种恶臭气体，通过柱试验模拟，采用二次发酵7 d、20 d及成品肥3种不同腐熟阶段的垃圾发酵产物作为生物滤池填料，考察其对恶臭气体的去除效果和除臭前后其理化性质的变化，并对成品肥填料微生物群落演替进行研究.结果表明:不同填料对氨气、硫化氢、甲苯、甲硫醇的平均去除率均在95%以上，成品堆肥填料对恶臭气体的去除率及其微生物种类丰度均最高.运行前期和后期成品肥细菌群落的同源系数较大，已形成以丝状菌属（Kineothrix）、芽孢杆菌属（Bacillus）、魏斯氏属（Weissella）等具有除臭功能的菌属为优势物种的稳定微生物群落.综上，比较不同填料的恶臭气体去除率、理化性质、微生物群落变化发现，成品肥填料对恶臭气体处理效果最好、理化性质稳定，并含有除臭功能微生物，可优选为生活垃圾处理厂除臭生物滤池填料. 

Optimization of Packing Material in Biofilter for Removing Odors

Biofilter is the main method to treat odors in domestic waste treatment plant. One of the important factors affecting the performance of biofilter is the packing filler. It is known that compost derived from the fermentation of domestic waste can be used as packing filter. The compost product derived from the fermentation of domestic waste can be used as packing filter to achieve resource recycling to a certain extent. Aimed at the odors of toluene, methyl mercaptan, ammonia and hydrogen sulfide produced by domestic waste plant, biofilter simulated with cylindrical plexiglass was filled with compost obtained after 7 and 20 days of secondary fermentation. The removal efficiency of the odors, the changes of physical and chemical properties before and after deodorization were investigated, and the succession of microbial community in the packing filter with the compost product was studied. The results showed that the average removal efficiencies of ammonia, hydrogen sulfide, toluene and methyl mercaptan were all above 95%, and packing filter with compost product had the highest abundance of microbial community and removal rate of odors. The homology coefficient of the bacterial community in the early and late stages of operation was relatively high, and a stable biological community with the dominant species of Kineothrix, Bacillus and Weissella was formed. In conclusion, through the evaluation of odor removal efficiency, changes of physicochemical properties and microbial community of different compost fillers, it is found that the filler with compost product has the best odor removal effect, stable physicochemical properties and contains deodorizing bacteria, which can be used as packing filler of biofilter for deodorization in a domestic waste treatment plants.