江苏省某市部分农村河道水体和污水处理厂主要工艺环节病毒污染状况调查

为研究江苏省某市农村河道水体和污水处理厂主要工艺环节病毒的污染状况，分析常见理化因素与病毒污染之间的相关性，对江苏省某市部分农村河道水体和污水处理厂主要工艺环节7个水样、1个污泥和2个沉积物样点进行为期9个月的病毒(包括诺如病毒G Ⅰ、诺如病毒G Ⅱ、轮状病毒、札如病毒、腺病毒、星状病毒、肠道病毒)污染状况监测采样(共90份样本)，通过阴离子膜吸附-洗脱法进行富集，荧光定量RT-PCR检测法对病毒进行检测，分析病毒污染状况；同时，监测水温、pH、COD(化学耗氧量)、TP(总磷)、TN(总氮)、EC(电导率)和DO(溶解氧)等7个理化指标的变化情况，探讨这些常见理化因素与病毒污染之间的相关性. 结果表明:90份样本中，诺如病毒G Ⅱ检出率为36.67%，肠道病毒检出率为30%，其他病毒检出率均低于诺如病毒G Ⅱ和肠道病毒. 污水处理后出水中有诺如病毒G Ⅱ、肠道病毒和轮状病毒检出，相关性分析显示，水温与诺如病毒G Ⅱ检出率呈显著负相关(P < 0.05). 研究显示，江苏省某市农村河道水体和污水处理厂主要工艺环节存在病毒污染，诺如病毒G Ⅱ为优势毒株；目前的污水消毒处理工艺并不能完全去除病毒，人群在接触外环境水体时，有潜在病毒暴露风险. 

Investigation on Virus Pollution of Rural Rivers Water Bodies and Main Process Links of Sewage Treatment Plants in a City of Jiangsu Province

In order to study the virus pollution in rural rivers and main process links of sewage treatment plants in a city of Jiangsu Province, and analyze the correlation between common physical and chemical factors and virus pollution, 7 water samples, 1 sludge and 2 sediment samples were collected for monitoring the pollution status of viruses (including norovirus G Ⅰ, norovirus G Ⅱ, rotavirus, zarovirus, adenovirus, astrovirus and enterovirus) for 9 months (a total of 90 samples). The enriched anion membrane adsorption elution method and fluorescence quantitative RT-PCR were used to analyze virus contamination. At the same time, the changes of 7 physical and chemical indexes such as water temperature, pH, COD (chemical oxygen consumption), TP (total phosphorus), TN (total nitrogen), EC (conductivity) and DO (dissolved oxygen) were monitored, and the correlation between these common physical and chemical factors and virus pollution was analyzed. The results showed that among 90 samples, the detection rate of norovirus G Ⅱ and enterovirus was 36.67% and 30%, respectively. The detection rate of other viruses was lower than norovirus G Ⅱ and enterovirus, and the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05). Norovirus G Ⅱ, enterovirus and rotavirus were detected in the effluent of sewage treatment. The correlation analysis showed that the water temperature was significantly negatively correlated with the detection rate of norovirus G Ⅱ (P < 0.05). The results show that there is virus pollution in the main process links of rural river water and sewage treatment plants in a city of Jiangsu Province, and norovirus G Ⅱ was the dominant virus. The current sewage disinfection treatment process can not completely remove the virus, and people have a potential risk of virus exposure when they come into contact with external environmental water bodies.