珠江河水中N-亚硝胺生成潜能及其前体物来源解析

N-亚硝胺（NAs）是一类具有高毒性和强致癌性的消毒副产物，可由其前体物与消毒剂反应生成，广泛存在于水环境中.通过对NAs前体物进行有效的控制，能够抑制该类化合物的生成.该研究以珠江干流西江、北江和东江的河水为研究对象，采用GC-MS/MS检测河水氯胺化后NAs FP（NAs生成潜能）的含量及其空间分布情况，并基于主成分-多元线性回归分析（PCA-MLRA）方法对NAs前体物的来源进行解析.结果表明:①河水氯胺化后共检出六种NAs，即NDMA FP（NDMA生成潜能）、NMEA FP（NMEA生成潜能）、NDEA FP（NDEA生成潜能）、NPYR FP（NPYR生成潜能）、NMOR FP（NMOR生成潜能）、NDBA FP（NDBA生成潜能），其含量平均值分别为19.4、33.3、3.2、5.3、2.6和3.0 ng/L，检出率分别为100%、3%、90%、84%、53%和84%.②与原水样相比，氯胺化后NDMA FP、NDEA FP、NPYR FP和NMOR FP的含量和检出率均显著增加，特别是NDMA FP与NPYR FP，且空间上的分布趋势表现为北江>西江>东江.③PCA-MLRA的结果显示，珠江干流河水中的NAs与其前体物91%来源于工业废水和养殖废水污染，而只有9%来源于农业活动和生活污水排放.研究显示，NDMA和NPYR两种化合物的前体物在珠江干流河水中占主导地位，工业废水和养殖废水的排放是珠江干流河水中NAs及其前体物的主要来源. 

Formation Potential of N-Nitrosamines and Their Source Analysis in Pearl River Water

N-nitrosamines (NAs) are a class of disinfection by-products with high toxicity and strong carcinogenicity. These compounds can be generated from the reaction of their precursors with disinfectants. They were widely occurred in the water environment. The generation of NAs pollutants can be suppressed by the control of their precursors. This study took the waters of the Xijiang, Beijiang and Dongjiang rivers in the main streams of the Pearl River. We explored the distributions of NAs precursors in the river water. GC-MS/MS was used to detect the concentrations of NAs FP (formation potential of NAs) produced by chloramination. The sources of NAs precursors were analyzed based on the principal component-multiple linear regression analysis (PCA-MLRA) method. The results showed that six NAs were observed after chloramination, including NDMA FP (formation potential of NDMA), NMEA FP (formation potential of NMEA), NDEA FP (formation potential of NDEA), NPYR FP (formation potential of NPYR), NMOR FP (formation potential of NMOR) and NDBA FP (formation potential of NDBA), while the average contents were 19.4, 33.3, 3.2, 5.3, 2.6 and 3.0 ng/L, and their detection rates were 100%, 3%, 90%, 84%, 53% and 84%, respectively. After chloramination, the concentrations and detection frequencies of NDMA FP, NDEA FP, NPYR FP and NMOR FP increased significantly compared with the original water samples, especially for NDMA FP and NPYR FP, and the spatial distribution trend was followed the order Beijiang > Xijiang > Dongjiang. According to the results calculated from PCA-MLRA, 91% of the NAs and their precursors in the main stream of the Pearl River came from industrial wastewater and aquaculture wastewater pollution, while only 9% were caused by agricultural activities and domestic sewage discharge. The research showed that the precursors of NDMA and NPYR were the dominant compounds in this area. Industrial wastewater and aquaculture wastewater were the main sources of NAs and their precursors in the main stream of the Pearl River.