跨境水资源分配典型模式特征评述及中国主张思考

跨境河流治理的核心是跨境水资源分配问题。结合案例分析,从流域国利益关系视角概括出四种跨境水资源分配典型模式——“强权”模式、“传承”模式、“绅士”模式和“共享”模式,并从适用条件、磋商履约、运行效率和潜在问题等方面进行特征评述。对跨境河流水资源分配的中国主张提出如下建议：拒绝“强权”模式,依托“一带一路”走出“水霸权”话语困境;主张“共享”模式,倡导构建跨境水资源“命运共同体”;对水资源相对丰沛的跨境流域,主张创新特殊水情下的跨境水资源调控机制;对水资源相对稀缺的跨境流域,通过实施虚拟水贸易战略促进“共享”;排除外界干扰,主张建立独立、权威的跨境水资源协调机构。

A review on the characteristics of typical modes of transboundary water resources allocation and China's proposition

The core of transboundary river governance is the allocation of transboundary water resources. Based on the case study, four typical transboundary water resources allocation modes are summarized from the perspective of the interests relation among the riparian countries, including power mode, inheritance mode, gentleman mode and sharing mode. Then, the characteristics of the above modes are reviewed from the aspects of applicable conditions, negotiation and performance, operational efficiency and potential problems. The following suggestions are proposed for the allocation of water resources in transboundary rivers in China. First, we should reject the power mode and rely on the Belt and Road Initiative to get out of the hydro-hegemony discourse dilemma. Second, we should advocate the sharing mode and build the community of common destiny for transboundary water resources. Third, for transboundary river basins with relatively abundant water resources, it is advocated to innovate the regulation mechanism of transboundary water resources under special water conditions. Fourthly, it is of great significance to promote sharing by implementing virtual water trade strategy for transboundary river basins where water resources are relatively scarce. Finally, it is proposed to establish an independent and authoritative transboundary water resources coordination organization by eliminating external interference.