“三生空间”统筹的科学基础与优化途径探析

党的十八大提出了将优化国土空间开发格局作为生态文明建设的首要举措,以及“促进生产空间集约高效、生活空间宜居适度、生态空间山清水秀”的目标要求。通过文献调研和总结归纳法,系统梳理了“三生空间”统筹优化的研究进展。总结发现,现有工作主要从国土空间利用质量、土地利用适宜性评价、资源环境承载力与比较优势等角度开展了“三生空间”统筹优化研究。但由于对“三生空间”科学内涵的认识不足、定量识别方法与分类体系的构建不完善,目前“三生空间”统筹优化的技术途径存在诸多问题尚待明晰。未来“三生空间”统筹优化的技术途径应以美丽中国建设愿景为目标导向,以人地耦合系统理论为核心,系统构建识别与优化国土空间的理论体系与技术框架。

Discussion on scientific foundation and approach for the overall optimization of "Production-Living-Ecological" space

The 18th CPC National Congress in 2012 figured out that the territorial space optimization was the primary task of the ecological civilization construction and to make production space intensive and efficient, living space livable and suitable, ecological space. This study systematically reviews the recent advances for the overall optimization of production space, living space and ecological space (PLES) by the method of literature review and summary induction. It is concluded that the present studies of the overall optimization of PLES were mainly carried out from the perspective of the utilization quality of land space, land suitability evaluation, resource environmental bearing-capacity and comparative advantage. But because of the short of recognition of the scientific intension of PLES and the incompleteness of quantitative identification and classification system construction, there are still problems that the technological approaches of the overall optimization of PLES may still have to overcome. The technological approaches of the overall optimization of PLES should build the theoretical basis and technical system of PLES identification and optimization aiming for Beautiful China Initiative by the theory of human-earth coupled systems. On the theoretical level, the initiative should give full consideration to the mechanism of material and energy transfer within the PLES system and the parsing of the transfer pathway, flow process and metabolic mechanism of water, soil, energy, carbon and other key elements of PLES system by the combination of the resource metabolism theory and the geographical pattern of PLES. On the technological level, it should pay attention to the development and application of the system simulation model and the multi-objective optimization model, and synthetically consider the dynamic mechanism between population, resources, environment and land space elements, and combine the results of evolution rule and the conflict and problem diagnosis of PLES, and consequently to achieve the overall optimization of PLES by the design of different scenarios and parameters.