县域“三生空间”格局与功能演变特征及可能影响因素分析——以江西婺源县为例

基于“三生空间”理论,对婺源县国土空间按功能属性分为生产、生活和生态空间,采用景观格局指数分析婺源县“三生空间”的分布格局及其演变特征,并采用空间核密度估计方法分析“三生空间”功能转换面积的空间分异特征,以揭示全域旅游发展背景下县域“三生空间”的演变特征;同时采用冗余分析方法（RDA）对可能影响“三生空间”变化的社会经济因素进行分析,以期解析“三生空间”格局与功能演变的原因。结果显示:2002—2018年婺源县“三生空间”中生产空间与生态空间的平均斑块面积和聚集度逐渐减少,而生活空间的平均斑块和聚集度逐渐增大,说明不断增大的城镇规模和生活空间割裂了生产空间、生态空间的连续性,使生产空间、生态空间更加分散化、破碎化。从转入与转出的角度来看,生产空间和生态空间是生活空间面积变化的主要来源,生产空间中转为生活空间的占生活空间面积变化的56%,主要以耕地为主;生态空间转为生活空间的面积占生活空间转入面积的44%,且以林地或草地为主。婺源县“三生空间”中生活空间面积呈明显的增加趋势,生态空间面积呈缓慢的增加趋势,生产空间面积则呈显著的下降趋势。这一演变格局与社会经济发展有一定关系,其中旅游经济发展带来的住宿与餐饮业收入对生态空间格局与功能演变的相关关系最为显著,说明旅游经济在加速婺源县城镇化的同时改善了生态环境。

Evolution characteristics and possible impact factors for the changing pattern and function of "Production-Living-Ecological" space in Wuyuan county

Based on "Production-Living-Ecological" space theory, the productive, living and ecological spaces in Wuyuan county were classified based on the 30 m spatial resolution Landsat time-series images. The spatial and temporal characteristics of the three types of spaces were further analyzed. The kernel density estimation method was applied to explore the spatial features for the conversions among three types of spaces. In addition, to further identify the causes of these changes, Redundancy Analysis (RDA) method was applied to attribute the spatiotemporal changes to different socioeconomic factors. Results showed that the two indices, namely, mean area of patches and aggregation index, decreased in both living space and ecological space, while they increased in production space during 2002-2018. We revealed that the fragmentation and dispersion of production space and ecological space was enhanced due to increasing urban area and living spaces, which facilitated the splitting of the continuity of production space and ecological space. From the perspective of changing function, 56% and 44% of the increased living space area was from production space (mainly cropland) and ecological space (mainly forest or grassland), respectively. The living space area showed a significant (P<0.05) increasing trend, the ecological space area showed a non-significant increasing trend; while the production space area showed a significant decreasing trend. All this revealed that the urbanization rate was accelerated by the rapid growth of tourism economy, and the ecological environment improved in Wuyuan county during 2002-2018.