基于“乡土—生态”系统韧性的红色旅游资源利用空间格局优化研究——以大别山革命老区为例

红色旅游资源利用与开发将对旅游地的人地关系地域系统产生强烈扰动,基于“乡土—生态”系统韧性水平厘定红色旅游资源利用空间格局,有利于推动红色旅游资源开发与区域可持续发展共促共赢。以大别山革命老区为例,从经济、社会、文化、生态四方面构建红色旅游地“乡土—生态”系统韧性水平评价体系,并对红色旅游资源的空间特征与类型进行识别。研究结果为：（1）各县域“乡土—生态”系统韧性以中低水平为主,呈“中部高、四周低”的空间分布特征。（2）区域内各子系统韧性处于勉强协调状态,县级行政单元的协调度呈现中等水平多、较高与较低水平少的“橄榄型”等级结构。（3）红色旅游资源的冷、热点区分别位于大别山南北两侧及中心地带,呈现出“大集聚、小分散”的特征,根据其规模、影响力划为五种聚类分区。（4）依据“乡土—生态”系统韧性在红色旅游资源高富集区可通过内部要素重构向更高水平发展、在中低密度区因吸纳和适应外界扰动力较弱而与红色旅游资源开发相互抑制这一特征,初步厘定“三区、两带、三核心”的红色旅游资源利用空间格局,并针对不同区域从“乡土—生态”系统韧性视角下提出差异化建议,以期排除红色旅游资源开发对“乡土—生态”系统产生的干扰。

The spatial optimization of red tourism resources utilization based on the resilience of "ruralism-ecology" system: A case study of Dabie Mountains Old Revolutionary Base Area

The red tourism resources utilization and development of tourist destination have a strong disturbance to human-earth areal system. Based on the resilience evaluation of "ruralism-ecology" system, this study presents a spatial utilization pattern of red tourism resources, which is conducive to promoting the development of red tourism resources and regional sustainable development mutual win-win situation. Taking the Dabie Mountains Old Revolutionary Base Area as an example, we constructed a resilience level evaluation system of the "ruralism-ecology" system of red tourism from four aspects of economy, society, culture and ecology, and identified the spatial characteristics and types of red tourism resources. The results showed that: (1) The resilience of "ruralism-ecology" system in each county was mainly at the middle and low levels, characterised by "high in the middle and low in the surroundings". (2) The resilience of subsystems in the region was barely coordinated, and the coordination of county-level administrative units presented an "olive-shaped" hierarchical structure with more counties at medium level and less counties at high and low levels. (3) The cold spot and hot spot areas of red tourism resources located on the north and south sides of the Dabie Mountains and the central part of the study area, showed a pattern of "large agglomeration, and small dispersion", which were divided into 5 clusters based on their scale and influence. (4) In areas with high concentrations of red tourism resources, the resilience of the "ruralism-ecology" system can be developed to a higher level through the reconstruction of internal elements. In the low- and medium-density areas of red tourism, the resilience of the "ruralism-ecology" system was weak in absorbing and adapting to external disturbances, which inhibited the development of red tourism resources. According to the evaluation results, the spatial pattern of red tourism resources utilization of "three regions, two belts and three cores" can be constructed preliminarily, and differentiated suggestions were put forward from the perspective of "ruralism-ecology" system resilience in different regions. The research results aim to mitigate the interference of the development of red tourism resources to the "ruralism-ecology" system.