Identification of polyenic hydrocarbons from the
northern winter moth, Operophtera fagata, and development
of a species specific lure for pheromone traps |
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Authors: | Gábor Sz?cs Miklós Tóth Zsolt Kárpáti Junwei Zhu Christer Löfstedt Ernst Plass Wittko Francke |
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Institution: | (1) Plant Protection Institute, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Pf 102, 1525 Budapest, Hungary;(2) Department of Ecology, Lund University, 223 62 Lund, Sweden;(3) Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Hamburg, Martin-Luther-King Platz 6, 20146 Hamburg, Germany |
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Abstract: | Summary. In order to elucidate the composition of the female sex pheromone of the
northern (beech) winter moth, Operophtera fagata
Scharf. (Lepidoptera: Geometridae), ovipositor extracts of unmated, calling females
were analysed by gas chromatography with simultaneous electroantennographic and flame
ionization detection (GC-EAD/FID). Male antennal responses indicated three active
components, two of which had distinct matching peaks in the FID trace. Using coupled
gas chromatography- mass spectrometry (GC-MS), these two compounds were identified as
(9Z)-nonadecene (9Z-19:Hy), and (6Z,9Z)-nonadecadiene (6Z9Z-19:Hy), respectively. The
third component, present in very small amounts only, was identified as (1,3Z,6Z,9Z)-nonadecatetraene
(1,3Z6Z9Z-19:Hy), known as the sex pheromone of the common winter moth,
O. brumata. Field tests revealed that traps baited with 6Z9Z-19:Hy
and 1,3Z6Z9Z-19:Hy caugth large numbers of male O. fagata.
Both compounds were found to be essential for attraction of
O. fagata. In addition,
the diene prevented captures of co-occurring O. brumata.
In contrast, 9Z-19:Hy neither influenced the attractiveness of the two-component mixture
towards O. fagata nor contributed to bait specificity.
A binary mixture of 6Z9Z-19:Hy and 1,3Z6Z9Z-19:Hy in a ratio of 10:1, applied to pieces
of rubber tubing, constituted a highly attractive and species-specific bait for
O. fagata, which can be used for monitoring of the
flight of this defoliator pest of deciduous forests. |
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Keywords: | Sex pheromone polyenic hydrocarbon reproductive isolation sympatric species Operophtera fagata Operophtera brumata Geometridae monitoring |
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