Environmental Surveillance of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in Wastewater and Groundwater in Quintana Roo,Mexico |
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Authors: | Rosiles-González Gabriela Carrillo-Jovel Victor Hugo Alzate-Gaviria Liliana Betancourt Walter Q Gerba Charles P Moreno-Valenzuela Oscar A Tapia-Tussell Raúl Hernández-Zepeda Cecilia |
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Institution: | 1.Unidad de Ciencias del Agua, Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán, A.C., Calle 8 No 39 SM 64 Mz 29 77500, Cancún, Quintana Roo, México ;2.Unidad de Energía Renovable, Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán, A.C., Carretera Sierra Papacal-Chuburná Puerto Km 5, 97302, Mérida, Yucatán, México ;3.Water and Energy Sustainable Technology (WEST) Center, The University of Arizona, 2959 West Calle Agua Nueva, Tucson, AZ, 85745, USA ;4.Unidad de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular de Plantas, Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán A.C., Calle 43, No 130, 97205, Mérida, Yucatán, México ; |
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Abstract: | The presence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) RNA in wastewater has been reported as a result of fecal shedding of infected individuals. In this study, the occurrence of SARS-CoV-2 RNA was explored in primary-treated wastewater from two municipal wastewater treatment plants in Quintana Roo, Mexico, along with groundwater from sinkholes, a household well, and submarine groundwater discharges. Physicochemical variables were obtained in situ, and coliphage densities were determined. Three virus concentration methods based on adsorption-elution and sequential filtration were used followed by RNA isolation. Quantification of SARS-CoV-2 was done by RT-qPCR using the CDC 2020 assay, 2019-nCoV_N1 and 2019-nCoV_N2. The Pepper mild mottle virus, one of the most abundant RNA viruses in wastewater was quantified by RT-qPCR and compared to SARS-CoV-2 concentrations. The use of three combined virus concentration methods together with two qPCR assays allowed the detection of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in 58% of the wastewater samples analyzed, whereas none of the groundwater samples were positive for SARS-CoV-2 RNA. Concentrations of SARS-CoV-2 in wastewater were from 1.8 × 103 to 7.5 × 103 genome copies per liter (GC l−1), using the N1 RT-qPCR assay, and from 2.4 × 102 to 5.9 × 103 GC l−1 using the N2 RT-qPCR assay. Based on PMMoV prevalence detected in all wastewater and groundwater samples tested, the three viral concentration methods used could be successfully applied for SARS-CoV-2 RNA detection in further studies. This study represents the first detection of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in wastewater in southeast Mexico and provides a baseline for developing a wastewater-based epidemiology approach in the area. |
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