北京2013年1月连续强霾过程的污染特征及成因分析

以北京市2013年1月份连续灰霾天气中10~16日的强霾污染过程为例,利用MPL-4B型IDS系列微脉冲激光雷达观测资料由Fernald算法反演得到此次污染过程中气溶胶垂直分布特性,结合地面气象条件和天气形势分析污染原因,并讨论与气溶胶地面监测数据的符合性.结果表明:此次连续强霾过程污染严重,观测时段内89.4%的时间出现霾,39.8%的污染时段达到重度霾级别,其中大气地表消光系数与PM2.5浓度变化呈显著线性相关关系,相关系数达0.95.研究过程内,大气边界层在91%的时段低于500m,平均仅为293m,低边界层抑制了污染物的有效扩散;近地面垂向各高度的消光系数持续达到1.5km-1以上,对比气溶胶退偏比发现城市上空的大气强消光为气溶胶颗粒物和大气水分共同导致;气溶胶光学厚度(AOD,532nm)较大,有83.6%的时段超过1,且受相对湿度影响较大,相对湿度偏小时段的AOD值主要为气溶胶颗粒贡献,相对湿度较大时段,细颗粒物吸湿增长导致AOD受大气水分干扰显著.连续静稳的天气形势和区域污染是导致此次强霾发生和持续的主要原因,高湿天气则加剧了灰霾状况.

Characteristics and formation mechanism of a serious haze event in January 2013 in Beijing

A serious haze process from 10th to 16th in January 2013 of Beijing was analyzed. During the period of haze, aerosol vertical distribution was retrieved from the MPL-4B-IDS series lidar system with Fernald algorithm. In order to illustrate the formation mechanism of this pollution episode, the surface aerosol measurement at the same site was compared with the lidar result. It was found that during the observation period, haze occurred in 89.4% of the time, among which 39.8% were recognized as heavy haze episodes. The extinction coefficients strongly correlated with surface ρ (PM2.5 ) (r=0.95). During the study, the average PBL height was only 293m, when 91% of the time it was less than 500m and restrained the effective diffusion of pollutants significantly. Extinction coefficient of each vertical height reached more than 1.5km-1above the ground. By comparing the analysis of the aerosol depolarization ratio, it was found that the atmospheric extinction above the city was caused by the combined effect of particulate aerosols and atmospheric moisture. The aerosol optical depth (AOD) at 532nm in this severe haze event was high and affected by the relative humidity greatly. In lower RH, the value of AOD was contributed by particulate aerosols, and atmospheric moisture made a significant contribution due to the hygroscopicity of fine particle when the RH was high. Additionally, stability of the PBL situation and pollutants emitted from regional area were the main reasons of this severe haze event, and high humidity made the haze more worse.