环境样品中汞形态分析技术的进展

汞的毒性、环境行为、生物有效性不仅跟其浓度有关,还决定于其化学形态,因此汞的形态分析在环境科学中具有重要意义。样品前处理几乎是汞形态分析研究中不可或缺的步骤,而色谱和光谱/质谱联用技术是目前普遍采用的分离检测方法。文章对近十年来这些方面的研究进展进行了综述,主要包括样品的前处理方法如酸/碱溶剂萃取、微波辅助萃取、固相萃取、固相微萃取、单滴微萃取、分散液液微萃取等,以及色谱（液相色谱、气相色谱）和毛细管电泳与光谱/质谱（紫外可见光谱、原子吸收光谱、原子荧光光谱、等离子体质谱等）的联用技术在汞化合物形态分析中的应用情况。最后提出今后应重点研究建立高效、简便的前处理方法,发展高分离度、高灵敏度、高速度的分离检测联用技术,以便更好地对汞的形态进行分析监测。

Recently developed technologies for speciation analysis of mercury in environmental samples

The toxicity,environmental chemical behavior and bioavailability of mercury are not only dependent on its concentration but also controlled by its chemical form.Organomercury compounds are generally more toxic than inorganic mercury species,espe-cially MeHg＋ being the most hazardous one,mercury speciation is therefore of great importance.Different techniques for the extrac-tion and pre-concentration of mercury species from various matrix in the past decade are reviewed,including acid/base solvent ex-traction,microwave assisted extraction,solid phase extraction,solid phase microextraction,single drop microextraction and disper-sive liquid-liquid microextraction.The recently developed methods for mercury species separation and determination based on the combination of chromatography or capillary electrophoresis with spectrometric or mass spectrometric detectors are also discussed.Finally,it is pointed that future efforts should be focused on developing efficient and simple pretreatment techniques,and establish-ing hyphenated approaches for mercury species separation and detection with high resolution,high sensitivity and high speed.