呼伦湖冰封期污染特征分析及对水处理的意义

以内蒙古呼伦湖为研究对象,对其在冰封过程中总氮、总磷和有机物在冰体和水体中的浓度及分布特征及其在呼伦湖的空间变异性进行分析。结果表明,冰封条件下,呼伦湖水体中总氮、总磷和有机物的含量均大于其在对应冰体中的含量,其含量均值分别是其对应冰体中的3.144倍、2.200倍和3.042倍,即低温冷冻过程对水体中的污染物有一定的浓缩效应;水体中各营养盐和有机物的空间变异性明显小于其在冰体中的;从固-液相平衡理论、结晶学理论和热力学理论三个方面对冷冻浓缩效应做出了合理的解释。研究认为,可以将冷冻浓缩效应运用到给水处理和污水处理领域,这样既可以进行大规模的处理,也可以节约资源、保护环境。

Analysis on polluting characteristics in Hulun Lake during ice-on period and its application in field of water treatment

The concentration and distribution characteristics of total nitrogen（TN）,total phosphorus（TP） and chemical oxygen de-mand（COD） in ice layer and water during ice-on period in Hulun Lake of Inner Mongolia were studied.The result shows that the concentration of TN,TP and COD in water are much higher than that of in ice layer which is on the water.The concentration of TN,TP and COD in water are 3.144 times,2.200 times and 3.042 times respectively more than that of in ice layer,that is,the process of low temperature freezing has a good concentration effect on pollutants in water body.The spatial variability of TN,TP and COD in water is much less than that in ice layer.The freezing concentrate effect was explained from three aspects known as the liquid-solid phase equilibrium theory,crystallography theory and thermodynamics theory reasonably.The result shows that concentration effect can be used in field of water treatment on a large scale,which can save resources and protect environment.