GSM移动通信基站对周围环境电磁辐射影响

按照《辐射环境保护管理导则—电磁辐射环境影响评价方法与标准》（HJ/T10.3—1996）的有关规定,GSM移动通信基站电场强度的管理目标值为5.4 V/m,功率密度的管理目标值为8μW/cm2。在根据麦克斯韦电磁场理论确定远场区范围,结合基站天线运行的基本参数,以及在对垂直波瓣图进行拟合的基础上,通过《辐射环境保护管理导则——电磁辐射监测仪器和方法》（HJ/T 10.2-1996）中的微波远场轴向功率密度计算公式计算GSM移动通信基站对周围环境的辐射水平进行预测。预测结果表明,基站周围的电磁辐射水平与天线的发射功率、公众活动区域与天线的高度差以及天线的主瓣方向关系密切。实际应用中可以通过减小发射功率,增加天线与公众活动区域的高度差以及调整天线的主瓣方向等措施来降低其对周围环境的影响,并通过制定有效的监测、管理计划和加强公众沟通,及时消除可能的电磁污染。

Impact of electromagnetic radiation on the surrounding environment of GSM mobile communication base station

According to the assessment methods and standards of electromagnetic radiation to the environment impact in the Guideline on Management of Radioactive Environmental Protection Environmental Assessment Methods and Standards（HJ/T10.3-1996）,the administrative target value is 5.4 V/m for the electric field strength from GSM mobile communication base station and 8μW/cm2 for power density.Based on the determination of range of far-field region by Maxwell＇s electromagnetic theory and the basic parameters of operation and the fitting of vertical lobe map,the impact of electromagnetic radiation to the surrounding environment from the station is calculated by the axial power density formula of microwave far-field according to Guideline on management of radioactive environmental protection electromagnetic radiation monitoring instruments and methods（HJ/T10.3-1996）.The results show that the level of electromagnetic radiation around the station is relevant to the transmission power,the height between the antenna and the public activity area and main lobe direction of the antenna.Therefore,impact to the surrounding environment can be alleviated by reducing the transmission power,increasing the height between the antenna and the public activity area and adjusting directions of main lobe direction of the antenna.Additionally,the possible electromagnetic pollution may be eliminated by making a good plan of monitoring and management and a good communication with the public during the station working.